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📦 npm

GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477

HIGH

Remix and React Router allow URL manipulation via Host / X-Forwarded-Host headers

Also known asCVE-2025-31137
Published
Apr 1, 2025
Updated
Apr 1, 2025
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk62th percentile+1.03%
0.00%0.54%1.09%1.63%0.0%1.1%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected
📦@react-router/express📦@remix-run/express

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects npm packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

We received a report about a vulnerability in Remix/React Router that affects all Remix 2 and React Router 7 consumers using the Express adapter. Basically, this vulnerability allows anyone to spoof the URL used in an incoming Request by putting a URL pathname in the port section of a URL that is part of a Host or X-Forwarded-Host header sent to a Remix/React Router request handler.

Patches

This issue has been patched and released in Remix 2.16.3 React Router 7.4.1.

Credits

  • Rachid Allam (zhero;)
  • Yasser Allam (inzo_)

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npm@react-router/express7.0.0&&< 7.4.17.4.1
📦npm@remix-run/express2.11.1&&< 2.16.32.16.3

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for @react-router/express. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update @react-router/express to 7.4.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact We received a report about a vulnerability in Remix/React Router that affects all Remix 2 and React Router 7 consumers using the Express adapter. Basically, this vulnerability allows anyone to spoof the URL used in an incoming `Request` by putting a URL pathname in the port section of a URL that is part of a `Host` or `X-Forwarded-Host` header sent to a Remix/React Router request handler. ### Patches This issue has been patched and released in Remix 2.16.3 React Router 7.4.1. ### Credits - Rachid Allam (zhero;) - Yasser Allam (inzo_)
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-4q56-crqp-v477 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.