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HIGH severity

CVE-2016-4430 — xwork-core

HIGHFix: apache/struts@b28b78c

CVE-2016-4430 is a high-severity (CVSS 8.8) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core. A fix is available for org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Apache Struts CSRF Vulnerability

Also known asGHSA-38qw-j787-v8c2
Published
Updated
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Nov 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
3.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs90th percentile — riskier than 90% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.44%1.88%3.33%4.77%1.3%3.7%May 26Sep 26Nov 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
☕org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 mishandles token validation, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks via unspecified vectors.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
☕Mavenorg.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core≥ 2.3.20&&< 2.3.292.3.29org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core:2.3.29

Affected Products

1 product · 8 configurations
Application
strutsapache
8 versions
2.3.202.3.20.12.3.20.32.3.242.3.24.12.3.24.32.3.282.3.28.1

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core to 2.3.29 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2016-4430 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Frequently Asked Questions

Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 mishandles token validation, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks via unspecified vectors.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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CVE-2016-4430: xwork-core CSRF — Fixed in 2.3.29