How severe is CVE-2013-1966?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2013-1966 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2013-1966?

CVE-2013-1966 affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven), org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix CVE-2013-1966?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.14.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2013-1966 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2013-1966 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2013-1966 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is CVE-2013-1966 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 2 known exploit references for CVE-2013-1966, including 1 documented proof-of-concept exploit on Exploit-DB and 1 in-the-wild exploitation observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2013-1966?

CVE-2013-1966 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 73.7%, placing it in the 99th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2013-1966?

CVE-2013-1966 is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2013-1966 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2013-1966 was published on May 14, 2022 and was last updated on December 5, 2024. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2013-1966 — struts2-core

Fix: apache/struts@7e6f641

CVE-2013-1966 is a Code Injection vulnerability in org.apache.struts:struts2-core. 2 public exploit or proof-of-concept references are indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for org.apache.struts:struts2-core — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts

Published

May 14, 2022

Updated

Dec 5, 2024

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

2 known

Exploitation data as of Oct 31, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

73.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs99th percentile — riskier than 99% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core☕org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Apache Struts 2 before 2.3.14.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL code via a crafted request that is not properly handled when using the includeParams attribute in the (1) URL or (2) A tag.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.3.14.2	2.3.14.2`org.apache.struts:struts2-core:2.3.14.2`
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.3.14.2	2.3.14.2`org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core:2.3.14.2`

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations

Application

strutsapache

≥ 2.0.0 && < 2.3.14.1

range

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-25980remotemultiple✓ Verified

Apache Struts - includeParams Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)

by Metasploit · Jun 5, 2013

Exploit-DB Source

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.14.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2013-1966 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.