GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in nanopb. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.
Memory leak in Nanopb
Real-World Exposure
nanopb🐍nanopbReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Impact
Decoding specifically formed message can leak memory if dynamic allocation is enabled and an oneof field contains a static submessage that contains a dynamic field, and the message being decoded contains the submessage multiple times. This is rare in normal messages, but it is a concern when untrusted data is parsed.
Patches
Preliminary patch is available on git and problem will be patched in versions 0.3.9.7 and 0.4.4 once testing has been completed.
Workarounds
Following workarounds are available:
- Set the option
no_unionsfor the oneof field. This will generate fields as separate instead of C union, and avoids triggering the problematic code. - Set the type of the submessage field inside oneof to
FT_POINTER. This way the whole submessage will be dynamically allocated and the problematic code is not executed. - Use an arena allocator for nanopb, to make sure all memory can be released afterwards.
References
Bug report: https://github.com/nanopb/nanopb/issues/615
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, comment on the bug report linked above.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐍PyPI | nanopb | ≥ 0.3.2&&< 0.3.9.7 | 0.3.9.7 |
| 🐍PyPI | nanopb | ≥ 0.4.0&&< 0.4.4 | 0.4.4 |
Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for nanopb. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update nanopb to 0.3.9.7 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.
Tailored to GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh in your dependencies?
O3 detects GHSA-85rr-4rh9-hhwh across PyPI dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.