How severe is CVE-2025-48989?

CVE-2025-48989 has a CVSS score of 7.5/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-48989?

CVE-2025-48989 affects the following packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote (Maven), org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote (Maven), org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote (Maven), org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven), org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven), org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix CVE-2025-48989?

Update org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote to 11.0.10 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-48989 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2025-48989 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-48989 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Is CVE-2025-48989 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-48989 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-48989?

CVE-2025-48989 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 3.8%, placing it in the 90th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-48989?

CVE-2025-48989 is classified as CWE-404 (CWE-404). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2025-48989 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-48989 was published on August 13, 2025 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

HIGH severity

CVE-2025-48989 — tomcat-coyote

HIGHFix: apache/tomcat@73c04a1

CVE-2025-48989 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) CWE-404 vulnerability in org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote. A fix is available for org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Apache Tomcat: h2 DoS - Made You Reset

Also known asBIT-tomcat-2025-48989GHSA-gqp3-2cvr-x8m3

Published

Aug 13, 2025

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

6 pkgs

Patched

6 / 6

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 3, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-48989.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

3.8%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk+0.08%

Lower risk than most CVEs90th percentile — riskier than 90% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

6 pkgs affected

☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in Apache Tomcat made Tomcat vulnerable to the made you reset attack.

This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.9, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.43 and from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.107. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.

Users are recommended to upgrade to one of versions 11.0.10, 10.1.44 or 9.0.108 which fix the issue.

Affected Packages

6 total 6 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	≥ 11.0.0-M1&&< 11.0.10	11.0.10`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote:11.0.10`
☕Maven	`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	≥ 10.1.0-M1&&< 10.1.44	10.1.44`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote:10.1.44`
☕Maven	`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	≥ 9.0.0.M1&&< 9.0.108	9.0.108`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote:9.0.108`
☕Maven	`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	≥ 11.0.0-M1&&< 11.0.10	11.0.10`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:11.0.10`
☕Maven	`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	≥ 10.1.0-M1&&< 10.1.44	10.1.44`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:10.1.44`
☕Maven	`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	≥ 9.0.0.M1&&< 9.0.108	9.0.108`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:9.0.108`

Affected Products

1 product · 30 configurations

Application

tomcatapache

≥ 11.0.0 && < 11.0.10

1 version

9.0.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote to 11.0.10 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-48989 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant

This vulnerability is rated with an Important severity. It is simple to exploit because it does not require authentication and could result in a Denial of Service (DoS). While some DoS flaws are classified as Moderate, “MadeYouReset” is Important because of the limited barriers (no specialized tooling or advanced…

Workaround published by Red Hat

No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security’s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.

Source: Red Hat security advisory for CVE-2025-48989 (CC BY 4.0)

Product	Fixed in	Advisory
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10	`tomcat9-1:9.0.87-5.el10_0.3`	RHSA-2025:14178
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10	`tomcat-1:10.1.36-1.el10_0.2`	RHSA-2025:14179
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8	`tomcat-1:9.0.87-1.el8_10.6`	RHSA-2025:14177
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service	`tomcat-1:9.0.87-1.el8_8.7`	RHSA-2025:14182
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9	`tomcat-1:9.0.87-3.el9_6.3`	RHSA-2025:14181
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions	`tomcat-1:9.0.87-1.el9_2.6`	RHSA-2025:14183
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support	`tomcat-1:9.0.87-1.el9_4.6`	RHSA-2025:14180
Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5.8.6	`tomcat`	RHSA-2025:22924

Frequently Asked Questions

Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in Apache Tomcat made Tomcat vulnerable to the made you reset attack. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.9, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.43 and from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.107. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to one of versions 11.0.10, 10.1.44 or 9.0.108 which fix the issue.

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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