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GHSA-hj49-h7fq-px5h

HIGH

Soundness issue with Plonky2 look up tables

Also known asCVE-2025-24802
Published
Jan 30, 2025
Updated
Jan 30, 2025
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.3%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk21th percentile+0.18%
0.00%0.27%0.53%0.80%0.1%0.3%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected
🦀plonky2

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects crates.io packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

Lookup tables, whose length is not divisible by 26 = floor(num_routed_wires / 3) always include the 0 -> 0 input-output pair. Thus a malicious prover can always prove that f(0) = 0 for any lookup table f (unless its length happens to be divisible by 26).

The cause of problem is that the LookupTableGate-s are padded with zeros.

The fix is done by padding with an existing table pair, similarly to LookupGate.

A workaround from the user side is to extend the table (by repeating some entries) so that its length becomes divisible by 26.

Fortunately, the seemingly most common use case, namely, hash functions with table-based sbox-es, are not vulnerable:

  • both Monolith's and Tip5/Tip4's s-box tables already map 0 to 0;
  • more generally, forcing several (0,0) pairs inside such a hash function appears to be a too strong restriction to find an otherwise valid trace.

A malicious prover exploiting this could cheat a circuit which statement is the following:

  • output x + f(x) for some private input x, where f(x) := 100 - x is implemented by a lookup table.

A malicious prover would be able to convince an honest verifier that they know an 0 <= x < 64 such that x + (100 - x) = 0.

Patches

Yes, upgrade to v1.0.1

Workarounds

No

References

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🦀crates.ioplonky21.0.0&&< 1.0.11.0.1

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for plonky2. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update plonky2 to 1.0.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-hj49-h7fq-px5h is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-hj49-h7fq-px5h is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-hj49-h7fq-px5h. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Lookup tables, whose length is not divisible by `26 = floor(num_routed_wires / 3)` always include the `0 -> 0` input-output pair. Thus a malicious prover can always prove that `f(0) = 0` for any lookup table f (unless its length happens to be divisible by 26). The cause of problem is that the `LookupTableGate`-s are [padded with zeros](https://github.com/0xPolygonZero/plonky2/blob/main/plonky2/src/plonk/prover.rs#L97). The fix is done by padding with an existing table pair, similarly to `LookupGate`. A workaround from the user side is to extend the table (by repeating some entrie
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-hj49-h7fq-px5h in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-hj49-h7fq-px5h across crates.io dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.