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HIGH severity

Muhammara has a NULL pointer dereference in LZWDecode filter when DecodeParms omits EarlyChange keyGHSA-fhp4-pr5j-46m5

HIGHFix: julianhille/MuhammaraJS@a98c077

GHSA-fhp4-pr5j-46m5 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) vulnerability in muhammara. A fix is available for muhammara — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Published
Updated
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Jun 26, 2026 · OSV.dev, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, a proxy for how much of the ecosystem is exposed.

muhammaranpm
40Kdownloads / week

Description

Summary

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability exists in PDFParser::CreateFilterForStream() when processing a PDF stream with /Filter /LZWDecode and a /DecodeParms dictionary that does not contain the EarlyChange key. This causes an access violation (0xC0000005) and crashes the process.

Affected Version

muhammara <= 6.0.4 (latest)

Vulnerability Details

File: src/deps/PDFWriter/PDFParser.cpp line 2107

if (inDecodeParams)
{
    PDFObjectCastPtr<PDFInteger> earlyObj(
        QueryDictionaryObject(inDecodeParams, "EarlyChange")
    );
    early = earlyObj->GetValue();  // NULL dereference when EarlyChange key is absent
}

When inDecodeParams is non-NULL but lacks the EarlyChange key:

  1. QueryDictionaryObject() returns NULL
  2. PDFObjectCastPtr<PDFInteger>(NULL) wraps NULL
  3. earlyObj->GetValue() dereferences NULL → crash

PoC

460-byte malicious PDF triggers crash via startReadingFromStream():

  • PDF contains /Filter /LZWDecode with /DecodeParms << >> (empty, no EarlyChange)
  • Exit code: 0xC0000005 (Access Violation)

Fix

if (earlyObj)
    early = earlyObj->GetValue();

Impact

Any application accepting untrusted PDFs and using muhammara to read stream contents is vulnerable to DoS.

Similar to: CVE-2022-41957, CVE-2022-39381

PoC File

poc_muhammara_lzw_null.js

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmmuhammaraall versions6.0.5npm install muhammara@6.0.5

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for muhammara, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update muhammara to 6.0.5 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-fhp4-pr5j-46m5 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability exists in `PDFParser::CreateFilterForStream()` when processing a PDF stream with `/Filter /LZWDecode` and a `/DecodeParms` dictionary that does not contain the `EarlyChange` key. This causes an access violation (0xC0000005) and crashes the process. ## Affected Version muhammara <= 6.0.4 (latest) ## Vulnerability Details **File:** `src/deps/PDFWriter/PDFParser.cpp` line 2107 ```cpp if (inDecodeParams) { PDFObjectCastPtr<PDFInteger> earlyObj( QueryDictionaryObject(inDecodeParams, "EarlyChange") ); early = earlyObj->Get
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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