CVE-2022-39381 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) vulnerability in muhammara. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for muhammara — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Unchecked Return Value to NULL Pointer Dereference in PDFDocumentHandler.cpp
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
- CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2022-39381.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2022-39381 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 376,715 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.
muhammaranpmhummusnpmDescription
Muhammara is a node module with c/cpp bindings to modify PDF with js for node or electron (based/replacement on/of galkhana/hummusjs). The package muhammara before 2.6.0; all versions of package hummus are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) when supplied with a maliciously crafted PDF file to be appended to another. This issue has been patched in 2.6.0 for muhammara and not at all for hummus. As a workaround, do not process files from untrusted sources.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📦npm | muhammara | all versions | 2.6.0npm install muhammara@2.6.0 |
| 📦npm | hummus | all versions | 1.0.111npm install hummus@1.0.111 |
Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for muhammara, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update muhammara to 2.6.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2022-39381 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2022-39381 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2022-39381. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2022-39381 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2022-39381 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.