\n```\n\nA full PoC is available in the references section.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 2.4.3 or later.","image":"https://o3.security/opengraph.png","datePublished":"2018-11-06T23:13:37Z","dateModified":"2023-11-08T03:58:11.826004Z","url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2016-10547","inLanguage":"en","author":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2016-10547"},"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":["h1",".vuln-summary",".vuln-severity",".vuln-mitigation"]},"about":[{"@type":"SoftwareApplication","name":"nunjucks","applicationCategory":"npm","softwareVersion":"2.4.3"}],"citation":[{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"NVD","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10547"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"OSV.dev","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2016-10547"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"FIRST.org EPSS","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/api-data?cve=CVE-2016-10547"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://github.com/mozilla/nunjucks/issues/835"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://github.com/matt-/nunjucks_test"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/147"}]}\n```\n\nA full PoC is available in the references section.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 2.4.3 or later.","url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2016-10547","identifier":"CVE-2016-10547","datePublished":"2018-11-06T23:13:37Z","dateModified":"2023-11-08T03:58:11.826004Z","inLanguage":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","keywords":["CVE-2016-10547","CWE-79","CVE","vulnerability","security advisory"],"creator":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"isAccessibleForFree":true,"citation":[{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"NVD","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10547"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"OSV.dev","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2016-10547"},{"@type":"CreativeWork","name":"FIRST.org EPSS","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/api-data?cve=CVE-2016-10547"}]}\n```\n\nA full PoC is available in the references section.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 2.4.3 or later."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How severe is GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No CVSS score has been assigned to GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Which packages are affected by GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 affects the following packages: nunjucks (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I fix GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Update nunjucks to 2.4.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 is resolved across your whole dependency graph."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I detect GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 in my npm dependencies?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for nunjucks, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I mitigate GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How does O3 Security protect against GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 actively exploited in the wild?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. There are 3 known exploit references for GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2, including 3 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is the EPSS score for GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 1.4%, placing it in the 72th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What type of vulnerability is GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When was GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 published, and has it been updated?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 was published on November 6, 2018 and was last updated on November 8, 2023. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting."}}]}
Your RSA-2048 keys break in 2030. Find every one of them before attackers do.
📦 npm
Not in CISA KEV

GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 — nunjucks

GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 is a Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in nunjucks. 3 public exploit references exist, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for nunjucks — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Cross-Site Scripting in nunjucks

Also known asCVE-2016-10547
Published
Nov 6, 2018
Updated
Nov 8, 2023
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
3 known
Exploitation data as of Sep 20, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs72th percentile — riskier than 72% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

3Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
nunjucksnpm
2.6Mdownloads / week

Description

Affected versions of nunjucks do not properly escape specially structured user input in template vars when in auto-escape mode, resulting in a cross-site scripting vulnerability.

Proof of Concept

By using an array for the keys in a template var, escaping is bypassed.

name[]=<script>alert(1)</script>

A full PoC is available in the references section.

Recommendation

Update to version 2.4.3 or later.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmnunjucksall versions2.4.3npm install nunjucks@2.4.3
Exploits & PoCs
3

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for nunjucks, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update nunjucks to 2.4.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Affected versions of `nunjucks` do not properly escape specially structured user input in template vars when in auto-escape mode, resulting in a cross-site scripting vulnerability. ## Proof of Concept By using an array for the keys in a template var, escaping is bypassed. ```javascript name[]=<script>alert(1)</script> ``` A full PoC is available in the references section. ## Recommendation Update to version 2.4.3 or later.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-f7ph-p5rv-phw2: nunjucks XSS | O3 Security