CVE-2025-71398 — surrealdb
Fix: surrealdb/surrealdb#5597CVE-2025-71398 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in surrealdb. A fix is available for surrealdb — see the affected versions and patch details below.
SurrealDB before 2.2.2 SSRF via HTTP Redirect Bypass
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-71398.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
Real-World Exposure
surrealdb🦀surrealdb🦀surrealdbReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects crates.io packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
SurrealDB offers http functions that can access external network endpoints. A typical, albeit not recommended configuration would be to start SurrealDB with all network connections allowed with the exception of a deny list. For example, surreal start --allow-net --deny-net 10.0.0.0/8 will allow all network connections except to the 10.0.0.0/8 block.
An authenticated user of SurrealDB can use redirects to bypass this restriction. For example by hosting a server on the public internet which redirects to the IP addresses blocked by the administrator of the SurrealDB server via HTTP 301 or 307 response codes.
When sending SurrealDB statements containing the http::* functions to the attacker controlled host, the SurrealDB server will follow the redirects to the blocked IP address. Because the statements also return the responses to the attacker, this issue constitutes a full SSRF vulnerability.
This issue was discovered and patched during an code audit and penetration test of SurrealDB by cure53, the severity as defined within cure53's preliminary finding is Medium, matched by our CVSS v4 assessment.
Impact
The impact of this vulnerability is circumvention of the --deny-net capability and resulting impact on systems external to SurrealDB. The ultimate impact is dependent on the deployment scenario.
For example, if the SurrealDB server blocks requests to internal and private IP addresses because they run services which don't require authentication, such as AWS deployments using IMDSv1, the attacker can access these internal endpoints directly, and potentially retrieve or even alter sensitive information and credentials.
The circumvention could also be used to redirect traffic to the SurrealDB port, providing a low level of impact to availability.
Patches
A patch has been created that adds an HTTP redirect limit, and checks HTTP redirects against allowed network targets, preventing redirections to disallowed uri's.
- Versions 2.0.5, 2.1.5, 2.2.2 and later are not affected by this issue.
Workarounds
The possibility of this vulnerability being exploited can be reduced by following an allowlist approach to enabling the http capability surreal start --allow-net 10.0.0.0/8 or using the equivalent SURREAL_CAPS_ALLOW_NET environment variable, where endpoints allowed are fully trusted and are not controlled by regular users.
The network access capability can be disabled, using --deny-net or the equivalent SURREAL_CAPS_DENY_NET environment variable without specifying targets, with impact to SurrealDB functionality.
As the impact of this vulnerability depends on the security of the deployment environment of SurrealDB, best practices should be followed within that environment.
Resources
#5597 SurrealDB Documentation - Environment Variables SurrealDB Documentation - Capabilities SurrealDB Documentation - Network Access Capability
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🦀crates.io | surrealdb | ≥ 2.2.0&&< 2.2.2 | 2.2.2cargo update -p surrealdb --precise 2.2.2 |
| 🦀crates.io | surrealdb | ≥ 2.1.0&&< 2.1.5 | 2.1.5cargo update -p surrealdb --precise 2.1.5 |
| 🦀crates.io | surrealdb | all versions | 2.0.5cargo update -p surrealdb --precise 2.0.5 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for surrealdb, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update surrealdb to 2.2.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-71398 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-71398 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2025-71398. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2025-71398 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2025-71398 across crates.io dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.