CVE-2025-66568 — ruby-saml
Fix: SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml@acac9e9CVE-2025-66568 is a CWE-347 vulnerability in ruby-saml. A fix is available for ruby-saml — see the affected versions and patch details below.
ruby-saml Libxml2 Canonicalization errors can bypass Digest/Signature validation
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-66568.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.
Real-World Exposure
ruby-samlReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Summary
Ruby-saml up to and including 1.12.4, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability because of an issue at libxml2 canonicalization process used by Nokogiri for document transformation. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. The vulnerability does not affect the version 1.18.0.
Details
When libxml2’s canonicalization is invoked on an invalid XML input, it may return an empty string rather than a canonicalized node. ruby-saml then proceeds to compute the DigestValue over this empty string, treating it as if canonicalization succeeded.
Impact
-
Digest bypass: By crafting input that causes canonicalization to yield an empty string, the attacker can manipulate validation to pass incorrectly.
-
Signature replay on empty canonical form: If an empty string has been signed once (e.g., in a prior interaction or via a misconfigured flow), that signature can potentially be replayed to bypass authentication.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 💎RubyGems | ruby-saml | all versions | 1.18.0bundle update ruby-saml --conservative |
Affected Products
ruby-samloneloginDetection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for ruby-saml, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update ruby-saml to 1.18.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-66568 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Put an independent control in front of the weakness: restrict the affected endpoint or interface to trusted networks, require an additional authentication factor or proxy-level check, and invalidate existing sessions and credentials in case the flaw has already been used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2025-66568 in your dependencies?
Find it across RubyGems, including transitive dependencies.