How severe is CVE-2025-25304?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2025-25304 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-25304?

CVE-2025-25304 affects the following packages: vega (npm), vega-selections (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm.

How do I fix CVE-2025-25304?

Update vega to 5.26.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-25304 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2025-25304 in my npm dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for vega, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-25304 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Escape or sanitise the affected output on the server side rather than relying on client-side filtering, and add a Content-Security-Policy that blocks inline script execution so injected markup cannot run even if it reaches the page.

Is CVE-2025-25304 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-25304 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-25304?

CVE-2025-25304 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.7%, placing it in the 52th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-25304?

CVE-2025-25304 is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2025-25304 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-25304 was published on February 14, 2025 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

📦 npm

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2025-25304 — vega

Fix: vega/vega@9fb9ea0

CVE-2025-25304 is a Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in vega. A fix is available for vega — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Vega allows Cross-site Scripting via the vlSelectionTuples function

Also known asGHSA-mp7w-mhcv-673j

Published

Feb 14, 2025

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 12, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-25304.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs52th percentile — riskier than 52% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

305other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream

veganpm

2.2Mdownloads / week

vega-selectionsnpm

2.2Mdownloads / week

Description

Vega is a visualization grammar, a declarative format for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs. Prior to version 5.26.0 of vega and 5.4.2 of vega-selections, the vlSelectionTuples function can be used to call JavaScript functions, leading to cross-site scripting.vlSelectionTuples calls multiple functions that can be controlled by an attacker, including one call with an attacker-controlled argument. This can be used to call Function() with arbitrary JavaScript and the resulting function can be called with vlSelectionTuples or using a type coercion to call toString or valueOf. Version 5.26.0 of vega and 5.4.2 of vega-selections fix this issue.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
📦npm	`vega`	all versions	5.26.0`npm install vega@5.26.0`
📦npm	`vega-selections`	all versions	5.4.2`npm install vega-selections@5.4.2`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for vega, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update vega to 5.26.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-25304 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Escape or sanitise the affected output on the server side rather than relying on client-side filtering, and add a Content-Security-Policy that blocks inline script execution so injected markup cannot run even if it reaches the page.

Frequently Asked Questions

Vega is a visualization grammar, a declarative format for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs. Prior to version 5.26.0 of vega and 5.4.2 of vega-selections, the `vlSelectionTuples` function can be used to call JavaScript functions, leading to cross-site scripting.`vlSelectionTuples` calls multiple functions that can be controlled by an attacker, including one call with an attacker-controlled argument. This can be used to call `Function()` with arbitrary JavaScript and the resulting function can be called with `vlSelectionTuples` or using a type coercion to call `toS

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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