CVE-2024-41810 is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.1) Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in twisted. A fix is available for twisted — see the affected versions and patch details below.
HTML injection in HTTP redirect body
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2024-41810.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2024-41810 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 378,156 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
twistedReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Summary
The twisted.web.util.redirectTo function contains an HTML injection vulnerability. If application code allows an attacker to control the redirect URL this vulnerability may result in Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in the redirect response HTML body.
Details
Twisted’s redirectTo function generates an HTTP 302 Redirect response. The response contains an HTML body, built for exceptional cases where the browser doesn’t properly handle the redirect, allowing the user to click a link, navigating them to the specified destination.
The function reflects the destination URL in the HTML body without any output encoding.
# https://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/trunk/src/twisted/web/_template_util.py#L88
def redirectTo(URL: bytes, request: IRequest) -> bytes:
# ---snip---
content = b"""
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"0;URL=%(url)s\">
</head>
<body bgcolor=\"#FFFFFF\" text=\"#000000\">
<a href=\"%(url)s\">click here</a>
</body>
</html>
""" % {
b"url": URL
}
return content
If an attacker has full or partial control over redirect location due to an application bug, also known as an “Open Redirect”, they may inject arbitrary HTML into the response’s body, ultimately leading to an XSS attack.
It’s worth noting that the issue is known to maintainers and tracked with GitHub Issue#9839. The issue description, however, does not make any mention of exploitability and simply states: “…Browsers don't seem to actually render that page…”
PoC
The issue can be reproduced by running the following Twisted-based HTTP server locally:
from twisted.web import server, resource
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.web.util import redirectTo
class Simple(resource.Resource):
isLeaf = True
def render_GET(self, request):
url = request.args[b'url'][0] # <-- open redirect
return redirectTo(url, request)
site = server.Site(Simple())
reactor.listenTCP(9009, site)
reactor.run()
Once running, navigate to the following URL: http://127.0.0.1:9009?url=ws://example.com/"><script>alert(document.location)</script>, and verify that the “alert” dialog was displayed.
Note: Due to the different ways browsers validate the redirect Location header, this attack is possible only in Firefox. All other tested browsers will display an error message to the user and will not render the HTML body.
Impact
If successfully exploited, the issue will allow malicious JavaScript to run in the context of the victim's session. This will in turn lead to unauthorized access/modification to victim's account and information associated with it, or allow for unauthorized operations to be performed within the context of the victim's session.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐍PyPI | twisted | all versions | 24.7.0rc1pip install --upgrade 'twisted==24.7.0rc1' |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for twisted, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update twisted to 24.7.0rc1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2024-41810 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2024-41810 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2024-41810. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
How to detect CVE-2024-41810
A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:
nuclei -id cve-2024-41810 -u https://target- Template
- Twisted - Open Redirect & XSS
- Severity
- medium
- Impact
- Attackers can exploit open redirect and reflected XSS via the redirect URL parameter in the Twisted web framework.
- Remediation
- Update Twisted to version 24.7.0rc1 or later.
Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (KoYejune0302, cheoljun99, sim4110), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.
Fixing This On Your OS
If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.
The vulnerability is exploitable only in Firefox. All other tested browsers will display an error message to the user and will not render the HTML body.
| Product | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 8 | automation-controller-0:4.5.12-1.el8ap | RHSA-2024:7312 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2024-41810 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2024-41810 across PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.