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HIGH severity

CVE-2023-46589 — tomcat-catalina

HIGHFix: apache/tomcat@6f181e1

CVE-2023-46589 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) CWE-444 vulnerability in org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina. A fix is available for org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Apache Tomcat: HTTP request smuggling via malformed trailer headers

Also known asBIT-tomcat-2023-46589GHSA-fccv-jmmp-qg76
Published
Updated
Affected
9 pkgs
Patched
9 / 9
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Nov 4, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-46589.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
2.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs86th percentile — riskier than 86% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%24.8%49.6%74.5%57.9%2.7%May 26Sep 26Nov 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

9 pkgs affected
☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina☕org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core☕org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core+1 more

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy.

Older, EOL versions may also be affected.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.

Affected Packages

9 total 9 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
☕Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina≥ 11.0.0-M1&&< 11.0.0-M1111.0.0-M11org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina:11.0.0-M11
☕Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina≥ 10.1.0-M1&&< 10.1.1610.1.16org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina:10.1.16
☕Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina≥ 9.0.0-M1&&< 9.0.839.0.83org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina:9.0.83
☕Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina≥ 8.5.0&&< 8.5.968.5.96org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina:8.5.96
☕Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core≥ 11.0.0-M1&&< 11.0.0-M1111.0.0-M11org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:11.0.0-M11
☕Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core≥ 10.1.0-M1&&< 10.1.1610.1.16org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:10.1.16

Affected Products

1 product · 13 configurations
Application
tomcatapache
≥ 10.1.0 && < 10.1.16
1 version
11.0.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina to 11.0.0-M11 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-46589 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant

This vulnerability in Apache Tomcat is of significant importance due to its potential to exploit HTTP request smuggling, presenting a security risk for web applications utilizing Tomcat. The flaw arises from Tomcat's improper parsing of HTTP trailer headers, where a specifically crafted header exceeding the size limit…

Workaround published by Red Hat
Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options don't meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
Source: Red Hat security advisory for CVE-2023-46589 (CC BY 4.0)
ProductFixed inAdvisory
JWS 5.7.8tomcatRHSA-2024:1319
JWS 6.0.1tomcatRHSA-2024:1325
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10tomcat-1:10.1.36-1.el10_0RHSA-2025:7497
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8tomcat-1:9.0.62-27.el8_9.3RHSA-2024:0539
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Extended Update Supporttomcat-1:9.0.62-5.el8_8.3RHSA-2024:0532
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9tomcat-1:9.0.62-37.el9_3.2RHSA-2024:1134
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Extended Update Supporttomcat-1:9.0.62-11.el9_2.4RHSA-2024:1092
Red Hat Fuse 7.13.0tomcatRHSA-2024:3354

Frequently Asked Questions

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82, and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fi
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CVE-2023-46589: tomcat-catalina — Fixed in 11.0.0-M11