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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q struts2-core

MEDIUMFix: apache/struts@a0fdca1

GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.3) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in org.apache.struts:struts2-core. A fix is available for org.apache.struts:struts2-core — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Apache Struts vulnerable to possible DoS attack when using URLValidator

Also known asCVE-2016-4465
Published
May 17, 2022
Updated
Feb 16, 2024
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 21, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
8.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs95th percentile — riskier than 95% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 377,333 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected
org.apache.struts:struts2-coreorg.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

The URLValidator class in Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a null value for a URL field.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
Mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-core2.3.20&&< 2.3.292.3.29org.apache.struts:struts2-core:2.3.29
Mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-core2.5.0&&< 2.5.132.5.13org.apache.struts:struts2-core:2.5.13

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.29 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

The URLValidator class in Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 and 2.5.x before 2.5.13 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a null value for a URL field.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q across Maven dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-xg75-68x3-7p3q: DoS (Medium 5.3) | O3 Security