Your RSA-2048 keys break in 2030. Find every one of them before attackers do.
🦀
🦀 crates.io
Not in CISA KEV
CRITICAL severity

GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w

CRITICAL

GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) CWE-704 vulnerability in rand_core. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

Unaligned memory access in rand_core

Also known asCVE-2020-25576RUSTSEC-2019-0035
Published
Aug 25, 2021
Updated
Nov 8, 2023
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Aug 23, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs73th percentile — riskier than 73% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 365,433 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected
🦀rand_core🦀rand_core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects crates.io packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

Affected versions of this crate violated alignment when casting byte slices to integer slices, resulting in undefined behavior. rand_core::BlockRng::next_u64 and rand_core::BlockRng::fill_bytes are affected.

Patches

The flaw was corrected by Ralf Jung and Diggory Hardy for rand_core >= 0.4.2.

Workarounds

None.

References

See Rand's changelog.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, open an issue in the Rand repository.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🦀crates.iorand_core0.4.0&&< 0.4.20.4.2
🦀crates.iorand_coreall versions0.3.1

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for rand_core. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update rand_core to 0.4.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Affected versions of this crate violated alignment when casting byte slices to integer slices, resulting in undefined behavior. `rand_core::BlockRng::next_u64` and `rand_core::BlockRng::fill_bytes` are affected. ### Patches The flaw was corrected by Ralf Jung and Diggory Hardy for `rand_core >= 0.4.2`. ### Workarounds None. ### References See [Rand's changelog](https://github.com/rust-random/rand/blob/master/rand_core/CHANGELOG.md#050---2019-06-06). ### For more information If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, [open an issue in the Rand repository](https://
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w across crates.io dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

GHSA-mmc9-pwm7-qj5w: Unaligned memory… | O3 Security