CVE-2026-73429 — russh

Summary

A malicious SSH server can crash a russh client session with a single malformed key-exchange reply, causing a pre-authentication Denial-of-Service before the server host key is verified. The embedding process itself stays up, but the connection is killed deterministically.

Details

Every other kex path in russh validates the peer ephemeral length before cloning:

• Curve25519Kex::server_dh (russh/src/kex/curve25519.rs:61-65) checks if pubkey_len != 32 { return Err(crate::Error::Kex); } before clone_from_slice.
• The hybrid ML-KEM, ECDH-NIST, and DH/GEX paths all validate lengths.

Only the client-side curve25519 compute_shared_secret is missing the check. This asymmetric validation gap makes the bug easy to miss in code review: a malicious client cannot panic a russh server this way (the server path checks the length), but a malicious server can panic a russh client.

Incriminated source code (repo-relative paths):

• Vulnerable compute_shared_secret: russh/src/kex/curve25519.rs:110-117 (panic at line 113)
• Client-side entry point: russh/src/client/kex.rs:266-277 (KEX_ECDH_REPLY → Bytes::decode → compute_shared_secret)
• Server-side contrast (has the length check): russh/src/kex/curve25519.rs:51-88 (server_dh)
• Session spawn site: russh/src/client/mod.rs (connect_stream → russh_util::runtime::spawn)
• Runtime wrapper: russh-util/src/runtime.rs:37-48 (spawn wraps tokio::spawn; panic surfaces as JoinError)

PoC

A standalone, self-contained Cargo PoC is provided in vuln_poc/vuln_002_client_wronglen_x25519_panic/ in this repo. It installs a global panic hook that sets an AtomicBool if any panic fires, starts a malicious raw SSH server on 127.0.0.1:0 that completes the SSH id and KEXINIT exchange, reads the client KEX_ECDH_INIT, and sends KEX_ECDH_REPLY with a 16-byte server ephemeral (instead of 32) and a fake signature. It then calls russh::client::connect with Preferred::kex set to curve25519-sha256 and a handler that accepts any server key (the check is never reached because the client panics first) and prints a clear verdict.

Build & run:

cd vuln_poc/vuln_002_client_wronglen_x25519_panic
cargo run --release

Expected output (verdict line, from a successful reproduction):

[poc] panic captured: panicked at russh/src/kex/curve25519.rs:113:25:
  copy_from_slice: source slice length (16) does not match destination slice length (32)
[!] Vulnerability reproduced: russh client panicked in Curve25519Kex::compute_shared_secret
  on a wrong-length (16-byte) server ephemeral before verifying the host key signature
  (pre-auth client DoS).

The malicious payload is the f field of KEX_ECDH_REPLY:

MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY (1 byte, value 0x1f)
  string K_S            (server host key blob — any valid-looking bytes)
  string f              (server ephemeral — 16 bytes of 0x00 instead of 32)
  string signature      (fake; never verified by the client)

The length prefix of f is 4 (u32 BE) = 16, followed by 16 bytes. The russh client decodes this into exchange.server_ephemeral (a Vec<u8> of length 16) and passes it to compute_shared_secret, which panics on clone_from_slice.

Impact

What kind of vulnerability: CWE-704 (incorrect type conversion / cast — clone_from_slice length mismatch) → deterministic panic → pre-authentication per-connection Denial-of-Service. The attacker does not need the server's private key; any network position that can deliver a malformed KEX_ECDH_REPLY (a rogue server, or a MitM before authentication) suffices.

Who is impacted: any deployment that uses russh::client::connect (or connect_stream) to connect to an attacker-controlled or MitM-reachable SSH server, and that negotiates curve25519-sha256 (the default and most-preferred kex algorithm in russh). A single malformed KEX_ECDH_REPLY kills the client session; the attack is deterministic and single-packet. The panic is isolated to the spawned session task (tokio::spawn catches it and surfaces a JoinError), so the embedding process keeps running — the impact is per-connection DoS, not process crash, unless the embedder installs a custom panic hook that calls std::process::abort.

Workaround: until a fix is released, clients can reduce exposure by disabling curve25519-sha256 in the Preferred::kex list and preferring a kex algorithm whose peer-ephemeral length is validated (e.g. the ECDH-NIST or DH/GEX paths). This is a mitigation, not a fix.

Suggested fix (one-line length check, mirrors the existing server-side server_dh check):

// russh/src/kex/curve25519.rs, at the top of compute_shared_secret:
fn compute_shared_secret(&mut self, remote_pubkey_: &[u8]) -> Result<(), crate::Error> {
    if remote_pubkey_.len() != 32 {
        return Err(crate::Error::Kex);
    }
    let local_secret = self.local_secret.take().ok_or(crate::Error::KexInit)?;
    let mut remote_pubkey = MontgomeryPoint([0; 32]);
    remote_pubkey.0.clone_from_slice(remote_pubkey_);
    let shared = local_secret * remote_pubkey;
    self.shared_secret = Some(shared);
    Ok(())
}

This makes the client-side compute_shared_secret consistent with the existing server-side server_dh check at russh/src/kex/curve25519.rs:61-65 and with the other kex paths that already validate peer ephemeral lengths.

vuln_poc.zip