How severe is GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx?

GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx has a CVSS score of 9.8/10, rated CRITICAL. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx?

GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx affects the following packages: dragonfly (RubyGems). Ecosystems affected: RubyGems.

How do I fix GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx?

Update dragonfly to version 1.4.0 or later. Run your dependency manager's update command and verify no transitive dependencies pin the vulnerable version. Use O3 Security's SCA scanner to confirm the fix is applied across your entire dependency tree.

Is GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 7 known exploit references for GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx, including 6 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx?

GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 93.4%, placing it in the 100th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx?

GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx is classified as CWE-88 (CWE-88). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

Is there exploit tooling available for GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx?

A Nuclei detection template exists for GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx was published on June 2, 2021 and was last updated on February 16, 2024. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

💎 RubyGems

GHSA-j858-xp5v-f8xx

CRITICAL

Dragonfly contains remote code execution vulnerability

Also known asCVE-2021-33564

Published

Jun 2, 2021

Updated

Feb 16, 2024

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

7 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

93.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk100th percentile0.00%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected

💎dragonfly

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

An argument injection vulnerability in the Dragonfly gem before 1.4.0 for Ruby allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via a crafted URL when the verify_url option is disabled. This may lead to code execution. The problem occurs because the generate and process features mishandle use of the ImageMagick convert utility.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
💎RubyGems	`dragonfly`	all versions	1.4.0

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.