How severe is GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f?

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f has a CVSS score of 4.7/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f?

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f affects the following packages: com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f?

Update com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom to 7.1.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Escape or sanitise the affected output on the server side rather than relying on client-side filtering, and add a Content-Security-Policy that blocks inline script execution so injected markup cannot run even if it reaches the page.

Is GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 1 known exploit references for GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f, including 1 documented proof-of-concept exploit on Exploit-DB. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f?

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 2.3%, placing it in the 83th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f?

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f was published on May 24, 2022 and was last updated on April 28, 2025. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

MEDIUM severity

Liferay Portal Allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via the SimpleCaptcha APIGHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f

MEDIUM

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f is a medium-severity (CVSS 4.7) Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom. 1 public exploit or proof-of-concept reference is indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2019-6588

Published

May 24, 2022

Updated

Apr 28, 2025

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

1 known

Exploitation data as of Nov 3, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

2.3%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs83th percentile — riskier than 83% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

☕com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

In Liferay Portal before 7.1 CE GA4, an XSS vulnerability exists in the SimpleCaptcha API when custom code passes unsanitized input into the "url" parameter of the JSP taglib call <liferay-ui:captcha url="<%= url %>" /> or <liferay-captcha:captcha url="<%= url %>" />. Liferay Portal out-of-the-box behavior with no customizations is not vulnerable.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom`	all versions	7.1.0`com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom:7.1.0`

Affected Products

1 product · 64 configurations

Application

liferay portalliferay

≤ 6.0.6

17 versions

6.1.06.1.16.1.26.2.06.2.16.2.26.2.36.2.46.2.57.0.07.0.17.0.2

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-46983webappsjsp

Liferay Portal 7.1 CE GA=3 / SimpleCaptcha API - Cross-Site Scripting

by Valerio Brussani · Jun 11, 2019

Exploit-DB Source

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom to 7.1.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Escape or sanitise the affected output on the server side rather than relying on client-side filtering, and add a Content-Security-Policy that blocks inline script execution so injected markup cannot run even if it reaches the page.

Frequently Asked Questions

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f in your dependencies?

Find it across Maven, including transitive dependencies.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

CVSS Score

4.7/10CVSS v3 base

Vector breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

High

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

Low

Availability

None

Raw vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CWE Classification

CWE-79Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

Weaponization

No Nuclei template or Metasploit module yet. 1 public proof-of-concept reference is listed on this page.

OpenSSF Scorecard

Package health score

liferay-portal

2.5/10

Code-Review0/10

Maintained10/10

Branch-Protection0/10

Assessed Oct 26, 2026

Timeline

First exploit

Jun 11, 2019

Disclosed

May 24, 2022

Last updated

Apr 28, 2025

Identifiers

GHSA-hwp2-gvm5-452f

References

Advisorynvd.nist.gov · CVE 2019 6588 Webdev.liferay.com · cst 7130 multiple xss vulnerabilities in 7 1 ce ga3 Webpacketstormsecurity.com · Liferay Portal 7.1 CE GA4 Cross Site Scripting Packagegithub.com · liferay portal

Related vulnerabilities

This CVE is medium severity; 8 of 8 other CVEs affecting release.portal.bom are rated as high or higher (top: high).

CVE-2025-62264CVE-2025-62265CVE-2025-62257CVE-2025-62266CVE-2025-62258CVE-2025-62259CVE-2025-62260CVE-2025-62261

Provenance

Sources

OSV.devNVDFIRST.org (EPSS)

Last verifiedApr 28, 2025