GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 — express
MEDIUMGHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.1) Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in express. A fix is available for express — see the affected versions and patch details below.
No Charset in Content-Type Header in express
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 377,166 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.
expressnpmDescription
Vulnerable versions of express do not specify a charset field in the content-type header while displaying 400 level response messages. The lack of enforcing user's browser to set correct charset, could be leveraged by an attacker to perform a cross-site scripting attack, using non-standard encodings, like UTF-7.
Recommendation
For express 3.x, update express to version 3.11 or later. For express 4.x, update express to version 4.5 or later.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📦npm | express | all versions | 3.11.0npm install express@3.11.0 |
| 📦npm | express | ≥ 4.0.0&&< 4.5.0 | 4.5.0npm install express@4.5.0 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for express, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update express to 3.11.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds GHSA-gpvr-g6gh-9mc2 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.