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GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr — mermaid

Fix: mermaid-js/mermaid@37ff937

GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr is a Code Injection vulnerability in mermaid. A fix is available for mermaid — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Mermaid: Improper sanitization of `classDef` in state diagrams leads to HTML injection

Also known asCVE-2026-41149
Published
May 11, 2026
Updated
Sep 10, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 22, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs34th percentile — riskier than 34% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

2Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
mermaidnpm
11.7Mdownloads / week

Description

Impact

Under the default configuration, Mermaid state diagram's classDef allow DOM injection that escapes the SVG, although <script> tags are removed, preventing XSS.

Proof-of-concept

stateDiagram-v2
  classDef xss fill:red</style></svg><style>*{x:x;y:y;overflow:visible!important;contain:none!important;transform:none!important;filter:none!important;clip-path:none!important}</style><div style="x:x;y:y;color:red;font:5em/1 monospace;display:grid;place-items:center;z-index:2147483647;width:100vw;height:100vh;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;background:black">HACKED</div><svg><style>a:b
  [*] --> A:::xss

Patches

Workarounds

If you can not update to a patched version, setting "securityLevel": "sandbox" will prevent this, by rendering the mermaid diagram in a sandboxed <iframe>.

Credits

Thanks to @zsxsoft from @KeenSecurityLab for reporting this vulnerability.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmmermaid≥ 11.0.0-alpha.1&&< 11.15.011.15.0npm install mermaid@11.15.0
📦npmmermaidall versions10.9.6npm install mermaid@10.9.6

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for mermaid, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update mermaid to 11.15.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Under the default configuration, Mermaid state diagram's `classDef` allow DOM injection that escapes the SVG, although `<script>` tags are removed, preventing XSS. #### Proof-of-concept ``` stateDiagram-v2 classDef xss fill:red</style></svg><style>*{x:x;y:y;overflow:visible!important;contain:none!important;transform:none!important;filter:none!important;clip-path:none!important}</style><div style="x:x;y:y;color:red;font:5em/1 monospace;display:grid;place-items:center;z-index:2147483647;width:100vw;height:100vh;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;background:black">HACKED</div><svg><style
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-ghcm-xqfw-q4vr: mermaid XSS | O3 Security