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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q — next

MEDIUM

GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q is a medium-severity (CVSS 4.7) Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in next. A fix is available for next — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Next.js vulnerable to cross-site scripting in App Router applications using CSP nonces

Also known asCVE-2026-44581
Published
May 11, 2026
Updated
Sep 10, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs14th percentile — riskier than 14% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 378,567 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

61Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
nextnpm
42.7Mdownloads / week

Description

Impact

App Router applications that rely on CSP nonces can be vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting when deployed behind shared caches. In affected versions, malformed nonce values derived from request headers could be reflected into rendered HTML in an unsafe way, allowing an attacker to poison cached responses and cause script execution for later visitors.

Fix

We now reject or ignore malformed nonce values before they are embedded into HTML and apply stricter nonce sanitization so request-derived nonce data cannot break out of the intended attribute context.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, strip inbound Content-Security-Policy request headers from untrusted traffic.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmnext≥ 13.4.0&&< 15.5.1615.5.16npm install next@15.5.16
📦npmnext≥ 16.0.0&&< 16.2.516.2.5npm install next@16.2.5

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for next, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update next to 15.5.16 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact App Router applications that rely on CSP nonces can be vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting when deployed behind shared caches. In affected versions, malformed nonce values derived from request headers could be reflected into rendered HTML in an unsafe way, allowing an attacker to poison cached responses and cause script execution for later visitors. ### Fix We now reject or ignore malformed nonce values before they are embedded into HTML and apply stricter nonce sanitization so request-derived nonce data cannot break out of the intended attribute context. ### Workarounds
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q: next XSS (Medium 4.7) | O3 Security