How severe is GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65?

GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 has a CVSS score of 8.1/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65?

GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven), org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to version 2.3.35 or later. Run your dependency manager's update command and verify no transitive dependencies pin the vulnerable version. Use O3 Security's SCA scanner to confirm the fix is applied across your entire dependency tree.

Is GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 39 known exploit references for GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65, including 3 documented proof-of-concept exploits on Exploit-DB and 24 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65?

GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 94.4%, placing it in the 100th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Is GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog?

Yes. GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 (Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability) was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 2021-11-03. CISA required all US federal civilian agencies to remediate this vulnerability by 2022-05-03. The required action was: Apply updates per vendor instructions. Being listed in the KEV catalog is the strongest possible confirmation of active exploitation — treat this as a critical priority.

Is there exploit tooling available for GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65?

A Nuclei detection template exists for GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 was published on October 18, 2018 and was last updated on October 22, 2025. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

CISA KEV·Added 2021-11-03 — agencies required to remediate by 2022-05-03

☕ Maven

GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65

HIGH

Apache Struts vulnerable to remote command execution (RCE) due to improper input validation

Also known asCVE-2018-11776

Published

Oct 18, 2018

Updated

Oct 22, 2025

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

39 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

94.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk100th percentile0.00%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Apache Struts contains a Remote Code Execution when using results with no namespace and it's upper actions have no or wildcard namespace. The same flaw exists when using a url tag with no value, action set, and it's upper actions have no or wildcard namespace.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.0.4&&< 2.3.35	2.3.35
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.5&&< 2.5.17	2.5.17

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-45260remotelinux

Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (1)

by Mazin Ahmed · Aug 26, 2018

Exploit-DB Source

EDB-45367remotemultiple✓ Verified

Apache Struts 2 - Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection (Metasploit)

by Metasploit · Sep 10, 2018

Exploit-DB Source

EDB-45262remotemultiple

Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (2)

by hook-s3c · Aug 25, 2018

Exploit-DB Source

Frequently Asked Questions

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 in your stack?

O3 detects GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 across Maven dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

Scan my stack How O3 SCA works

CVSS Score

8.1/10

CVSS v3 base score

Vector breakdown

AV:Attack Vector

Network

AC:Attack Complexity

High

PR:Privileges Required

None

UI:User Interaction

None

S:Scope

Unchanged

C:Confidentiality

High

I:Integrity

High

A:Availability

High

Raw vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H

Weaponization

OpenSSF Scorecard

Package health score

struts

8.8/10

Maintained10/10

Code-Review4/10

Dependency-Update-Tool10/10

Branch-ProtectionN/A

Vulnerabilities10/10

Assessed Jun 6, 2026

Timeline

First exploit

Aug 26, 2018

Disclosed

Oct 18, 2018

KEV added

Nov 3, 2021

Last updated

Oct 22, 2025

Identifiers

GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65

Data from OSV.dev, enriched by O3 Security. Refreshed hourly.