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CISA KEV·Added 2021-11-03 — agencies required to remediate by 2022-05-03
☕ Maven

CVE-2018-11776

HIGH

Apache Struts vulnerable to remote command execution (RCE) due to improper input validation

Also known asGHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65
Published
Aug 22, 2018
Updated
Apr 10, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
39 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
94.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Very High Risk100th percentile0.00%
93.9%94.3%94.6%94.9%94.4%94.4%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected
☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
☕Mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-core≥ 2.0.4&&< 2.3.352.3.35
☕Mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-core≥ 2.5&&< 2.5.172.5.17
Exploits & PoCs
39

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-45260remotelinux

Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (1)

by Mazin Ahmed · Aug 26, 2018

Exploit-DB Source
EDB-45367remotemultiple✓ Verified

Apache Struts 2 - Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection (Metasploit)

by Metasploit · Sep 10, 2018

Exploit-DB Source
EDB-45262remotemultiple

Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (2)

by hook-s3c · Aug 25, 2018

Exploit-DB Source

Frequently Asked Questions

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2018-11776 in your stack?

O3 detects CVE-2018-11776 across Maven dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

Scan my stack How O3 SCA works