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GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5 better-auth

Fix: better-auth/better-auth@7ae340e

GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5 is a Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in better-auth. A fix is available for better-auth — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Better Auth URL parameter HTML Injection (Reflected Cross-Site scripting)

Also known asCVE-2025-71404
Published
Feb 5, 2025
Updated
Aug 2, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 19, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs34th percentile — riskier than 34% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

767other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
better-authnpm
6.1Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

The better-auth /api/auth/error page was vulnerable to HTML injection, resulting in a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability.

Details

The value of error URL parameter was reflected as HTML on the error page: https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/05ada0b79dbcac93cc04ceb79b23ca598d07830c/packages/better-auth/src/api/routes/error.ts#L81

Impact

An attacker who exploited this vulnerability by coercing a user to visit a specially-crafted URL could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the user's browser.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmbetter-auth0.0.2&&< 1.1.161.1.16npm install better-auth@1.1.16

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for better-auth, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update better-auth to 1.1.16 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary The better-auth `/api/auth/error` page was vulnerable to HTML injection, resulting in a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. ### Details The value of `error` URL parameter was reflected as HTML on the error page: https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/blob/05ada0b79dbcac93cc04ceb79b23ca598d07830c/packages/better-auth/src/api/routes/error.ts#L81 ### Impact An attacker who exploited this vulnerability by coercing a user to visit a specially-crafted URL could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the user's browser.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5: better-auth XSS | O3 Security