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GHSA-9rg7-3j4f-cf4x

QueryInterface should call AddRef before returning pointer

Also known asCVE-2021-45681GHSA-w4cc-pc2h-whcjRUSTSEC-2021-0083
Published
Jun 16, 2022
Updated
Nov 8, 2023
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk60th percentile+0.72%
0.00%0.52%1.04%1.55%0.3%1.1%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected
🦀derive-com-impl

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects crates.io packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Affected version of this crate, which is a required dependency in com-impl, provides a faulty implementation of the IUnknown::QueryInterface method.

QueryInterface implementation must call IUnknown::AddRef before returning the pointer, as describe in this documentation: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/unknwn/nf-unknwn-iunknown-queryinterface(refiid_void)

As it is not incrementing the refcount as expected, the following calls to IUnknown::Release method will cause WMI to drop reference to the interface, and can lead to invalid reference.

This is documented in https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/learnwin32/managing-the-lifetime-of-an-object#reference-counting

There is no simple workaround, as you can't know how many time QueryInterface will be called. The only way to quick fix this is to use the macro expanded version of the code and modify the QueryInterface method to add the AddRef call yourself.

The issue was corrected in commit 9803f31fbd1717d482d848f041044d061fca6da7.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🦀crates.ioderive-com-implall versions0.1.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for derive-com-impl. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update derive-com-impl to 0.1.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-9rg7-3j4f-cf4x is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-9rg7-3j4f-cf4x is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-9rg7-3j4f-cf4x. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Affected version of this crate, which is a required dependency in com-impl, provides a faulty implementation of the `IUnknown::QueryInterface` method. `QueryInterface` implementation must call `IUnknown::AddRef` before returning the pointer, as describe in this documentation: <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/unknwn/nf-unknwn-iunknown-queryinterface(refiid_void)> As it is not incrementing the refcount as expected, the following calls to `IUnknown::Release` method will cause WMI to drop reference to the interface, and can lead to invalid reference. This is documented in <
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-9rg7-3j4f-cf4x in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-9rg7-3j4f-cf4x across crates.io dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.