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MEDIUM severity

Heap OOB in `UpperBound` and `LowerBound`GHSA-9697-98pf-4rw7

MEDIUMFix: tensorflow/tensorflow@42459e4

GHSA-9697-98pf-4rw7 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.5) Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in tensorflow. A fix is available for tensorflow — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asBIT-tensorflow-2021-37670CVE-2021-37670PYSEC-2021-292PYSEC-2021-583PYSEC-2021-781
Published
Updated
Affected
9 pkgs
Patched
9 / 9
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Oct 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs6th percentile — riskier than 6% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.22%0.45%0.67%0.1%0.2%Apr 26Aug 26Oct 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-9697-98pf-4rw7 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 385,386 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

9 pkgs affected
🐍tensorflow🐍tensorflow🐍tensorflow🐍tensorflow-cpu🐍tensorflow-cpu🐍tensorflow-cpu🐍tensorflow-gpu🐍tensorflow-gpu+1 more

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

An attacker can read from outside of bounds of heap allocated data by sending specially crafted illegal arguments to tf.raw_ops.UpperBound:

import tensorflow as tf
  
tf.raw_ops.UpperBound(
  sorted_input=[1,2,3],
  values=tf.constant(value=[[0,0,0],[1,1,1],[2,2,2]],dtype=tf.int64),
  out_type=tf.int64)

The implementation does not validate the rank of sorted_input argument:

  void Compute(OpKernelContext* ctx) override {
    const Tensor& sorted_inputs_t = ctx->input(0);
    // ...
    OP_REQUIRES(ctx, sorted_inputs_t.dim_size(0) == values_t.dim_size(0),
                Status(error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                       "Leading dim_size of both tensors must match."));
    // ...
    if (output_t->dtype() == DT_INT32) {
      OP_REQUIRES(ctx,
                  FastBoundsCheck(sorted_inputs_t.dim_size(1), ...));
      // ...
    }

As we access the first two dimensions of sorted_inputs_t tensor, it must have rank at least 2.

A similar issue occurs in tf.raw_ops.LowerBound.

Patches

We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 42459e4273c2e47a3232cc16c4f4fff3b3a35c38.

The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.

For more information

Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.

Attribution

This vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.

Affected Packages

9 total 9 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPItensorflowall versions2.3.4pip install --upgrade 'tensorflow==2.3.4'
🐍PyPItensorflow≥ 2.4.0&&< 2.4.32.4.3pip install --upgrade 'tensorflow==2.4.3'
🐍PyPItensorflow≥ 2.5.0&&< 2.5.12.5.1pip install --upgrade 'tensorflow==2.5.1'
🐍PyPItensorflow-cpuall versions2.3.4pip install --upgrade 'tensorflow-cpu==2.3.4'
🐍PyPItensorflow-cpu≥ 2.4.0&&< 2.4.32.4.3pip install --upgrade 'tensorflow-cpu==2.4.3'
🐍PyPItensorflow-cpu≥ 2.5.0&&< 2.5.12.5.1pip install --upgrade 'tensorflow-cpu==2.5.1'

Affected Products

1 product · 6 configurations
Application
tensorflowgoogle
≥ 2.4.0 && < 2.4.3
2 versions
2.5.02.6.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for tensorflow, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update tensorflow to 2.3.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-9697-98pf-4rw7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Constrain what reaches the vulnerable code: limit the size and shape of untrusted input, isolate the affected component in a sandboxed or least-privileged process, and enable the platform's memory-safety mitigations (ASLR, stack protector, hardened allocator) so an out-of-bounds access is more likely to fail closed than to be exploitable.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact An attacker can read from outside of bounds of heap allocated data by sending specially crafted illegal arguments to `tf.raw_ops.UpperBound`: ```python import tensorflow as tf tf.raw_ops.UpperBound( sorted_input=[1,2,3], values=tf.constant(value=[[0,0,0],[1,1,1],[2,2,2]],dtype=tf.int64), out_type=tf.int64) ``` The [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/460e000de3a83278fb00b61a16d161b1964f15f4/tensorflow/core/kernels/searchsorted_op.cc#L85-L104) does not validate the rank of `sorted_input` argument: ```cc void Compute(OpKernelContext* ctx) over
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-9697-98pf-4rw7 in your dependencies?

Find it across PyPI, including transitive dependencies.

Heap OOB in `UpperBound` and `LowerBound`