How severe is GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p?

No CVSS score has been assigned to GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p?

GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p affects the following packages: mermaid (npm), mermaid (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm.

How do I fix GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p?

Update mermaid to 11.15.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p in my npm dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for mermaid, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p?

GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.5%, placing it in the 42th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p?

GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p was published on May 11, 2026 and was last updated on September 10, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

📦 npm

Not in CISA KEV

Mermaid: Improper sanitization of configuration leads to CSS injectionGHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p

Fix: mermaid-js/mermaid@6476973

GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p is a Code Injection vulnerability in mermaid. A fix is available for mermaid — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2026-41159

Published

May 11, 2026

Updated

Sep 10, 2026

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 9, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs42th percentile — riskier than 42% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

2Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream

mermaidnpm

26.0Mdownloads / week

Description

Impact

Mermaid's default configuration allows injecting CSS that applies outside of the Mermaid diagram via the fontFamily, themeCSS, and altFontFamily configuration options.

Live demo: mermaid.live

Example code:

%%{init: {"fontFamily": "x;a{b} :not(&){background:green !important} c{d}"}}%%
flowchart LR
    A --> B

The injected CSS exploits stylis's & (scope reference) handling. :not(&) escapes the #mermaid-xxx automatic scoping, applying styles to all page elements. Global at-rules (@font-face, @keyframes, @counter-style) are also injectable as stylis hoists them to top level.

This allows page defacement and DOM attribute exfiltration via CSS :has() selectors.

Patches

Workarounds

If you can't upgrade mermaid, you can set the secure config value in the mermaid config to avoid allowing diagrams to modify fontFamily, themeCSS, altFontFamily, and themeVariables.

Setting "securityLevel": "sandbox" will also prevent this.

Credits

Reported by @zsxsoft on behalf of @KeenSecurityLab

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
📦npm	`mermaid`	≥ 11.0.0-alpha.1&&< 11.15.0	11.15.0`npm install mermaid@11.15.0`
📦npm	`mermaid`	all versions	10.9.6`npm install mermaid@10.9.6`

Affected Products

1 product · 2 configurations

Application

mermaidmermaid_project

≥ 11.0.0 && < 11.15.0

range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for mermaid, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update mermaid to 11.15.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatModerate

This Moderate flaw in Mermaid, a JavaScript diagramming tool, allows for CSS injection that bypasses intended scoping. A remote attacker could exploit this by providing a specially crafted diagram, leading to page defacement and potential exfiltration of sensitive information from the Document Object Model (DOM). This…

Workaround published by Red Hat

Upgrade to Mermaid 11.8.1 or later. As a workaround, sanitize or reject user-supplied diagram definitions before rendering, or render diagrams in a sandboxed iframe with restricted CSP to limit the impact of CSS injection.

Source: Red Hat security advisory for GHSA-87f9-hvmw-gh4p (CC BY 4.0)

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Mermaid's default configuration allows injecting CSS that applies outside of the Mermaid diagram via the `fontFamily`, `themeCSS`, and `altFontFamily` configuration options. Live demo: [mermaid.live](https://mermaid.live/edit#pako:eNpNjktLxDAUhf9KvFBR6JS-60QQfODKlUvJ5k6TtsEmKTHFGUP-u-mI6Nmdy3fOPR56wwVQSBIvtXSUeAaD0e4ZlZxPDChhcLxFfwiEauOuLq_9Afv30ZpVczpaITS5kGox1qF2gfSeBwYhJAnThAyz-ewntI68vG5-0z3Z7e7IA9OQwmglB-rsKlJQwircLPgNZeAmocTPAi4GXGfHgOkQYwvqN2PUbzJuGSegA84f0a0LRyeeJI4W_xChubCPcbQD2pwbgHo4Aq2aKmvbqq3zoiu7pizqFE6RybN9VFfFY1HWXRVS-Dr_zLObrt7_V_gGGXZlGg) Example code: ``` %%{i

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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