How severe is GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j?

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j has a CVSS score of 6.1/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j?

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.28 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

How do I mitigate GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j?

O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Is GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j?

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 9.2%, placing it in the 95th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j?

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j was published on May 17, 2022 and was last updated on February 16, 2024. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j: Apache Struts XSS Vulnerability (Medium 6.…

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

9.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk95th percentile+8.00%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28 does not sanitize text in the Locale object constructed by I18NInterceptor, which might allow remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via unspecified vectors involving language display.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.3.28	2.3.28

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.28 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28 does not sanitize text in the Locale object constructed by I18NInterceptor, which might allow remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via unspecified vectors involving language display.

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j across Maven dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

GHSA-2j4q-9fff-236j