CVE-2026-44660 — ujson
Fix: ultrajson/ultrajson@82af1d0CVE-2026-44660 is a CWE-401 vulnerability in ujson. A fix is available for ujson — see the affected versions and patch details below.
UltraJSON: Memory Leak in ujson.dump() on Write Failure
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
- CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2026-44660.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
Real-World Exposure
ujsonReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Summary
When ujson.dump() writes to a file-like object and the write operation raises an exception, the serialized JSON string object is not decremented, leaking memory. Each failed write operation leaks the full size of the serialized payload.
Code that uses ujson.dumps() rather than ujson.dump() or only JSON load/decode methods is unaffected.
Details
Vulnerability Location:
src/ujson/python/objToJSON.c:913-objToJSONFile()function startsrc/ujson/python/objToJSON.c:931- Error return on write failuresrc/ujson/python/objToJSON.c:942- Early return without cleanup
Root Cause:
The objToJSONFile() function allocates a Python string object via ujson_dumps_internal(), calls the file's write() method, and returns early if write() raises an exception—but never calls Py_DECREF(string) on the early exit path.
PoC
import gc, tracemalloc, ujson
class BadFile:
def write(self, s):
raise RuntimeError("boom")
obj = {"x": "A" * 200000}
def run():
try:
ujson.dump(obj, BadFile())
except RuntimeError:
pass
run()
tracemalloc.start()
gc.collect()
base = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()[0]
for i in range(5):
run()
gc.collect()
cur = tracemalloc.get_traced_memory()[0]
print(i, cur - base)
Impact
Any application that serializes data through ujson.dump() to an attacker-influenced file-like object that can fail can be driven into linear memory growth. An attacker can quickly use up all the memory of say a web server that sends JSON responses using ujson.dump() by repeatedly making requests then closing the connection mid response.
Remediation
The missing dec-refs were added in 82af1d0ac01d09aa40c887b460d44b9d9f4bccd9. We recommend upgrading to UltraJSON 5.12.1.
Workarounds
Replacing ujson.dump(obj, file) with file.write(ujson.dumps(obj)) is equivalent (contrary to popular misconception, there are no streaming benefits to using ujson.dump()) and will avoid the memory leak.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐍PyPI | ujson | all versions | 5.12.1pip install --upgrade 'ujson==5.12.1' |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for ujson, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update ujson to 5.12.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-44660 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2026-44660 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2026-44660. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Fixing This On Your OS
If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.
This Moderate flaw in UltraJSON can lead to a denial of service due to a memory leak when `ujson.dump()` attempts to write to a file-like object and encounters an exception. Applications utilizing `ujson.dump()` with attacker-controlled input or file-like objects are susceptible to resource exhaustion. Deployments…
| Product | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 | rhoai/odh-caikit-tgis-serving-rhel9:1783082430 | RHSA-2026:42644 |
| Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 | rhoai/odh-workbench-jupyter-datascience-cpu-py312-rhel9:1787074331 | RHSA-2026:60520 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.18 | satellite/iop-host-inventory-rhel9:1785956730 | RHSA-2026:51347 |
| Red Hat Satellite 6.19 | satellite/iop-host-inventory-rhel9:1785970678 | RHSA-2026:51195 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2026-44660 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2026-44660 across PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.