, , etc. and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript, resulting in cross-site scripting. ","datePublished":"2026-05-08T15:22:50.990Z","dateModified":"2026-07-15T01:49:00.143339938Z","url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41591","inLanguage":"en","author":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41591"},"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":["h1",".vuln-summary",".vuln-severity",".vuln-mitigation"]},"about":[{"@type":"SoftwareApplication","name":"marko","applicationCategory":"npm","softwareVersion":"5.38.36"},{"@type":"SoftwareApplication","name":"@marko/runtime-tags","applicationCategory":"npm","softwareVersion":"6.0.164"}],"citation":[{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/41xxx/CVE-2026-41591.json"},{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https://github.com/marko-js/marko/security/advisories/GHSA-x9fj-57fh-c8wq"},{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41591"}]}, , etc. and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript, resulting in cross-site scripting. ","url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41591","identifier":"CVE-2026-41591","datePublished":"2026-05-08T15:22:50.990Z","dateModified":"2026-07-15T01:49:00.143339938Z","inLanguage":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","keywords":["CVE-2026-41591","MEDIUM severity","CVE","vulnerability","security advisory"],"creator":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"isAccessibleForFree":true,"variableMeasured":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"CVSS Base Score","value":6.4,"description":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"Severity","value":"MEDIUM"}]}, , etc. and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript, resulting in cross-site scripting. This issue has been patched in marko version 5.38.36 and @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How severe is CVE-2026-41591?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2026-41591 has a CVSS score of 6.4/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Which packages are affected by CVE-2026-41591?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2026-41591 affects the following packages: marko (npm), @marko/runtime-tags (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I fix CVE-2026-41591?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Update marko to 5.38.36 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-41591 is resolved across your whole dependency graph."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I detect CVE-2026-41591 in my npm dependencies?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for marko. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I mitigate CVE-2026-41591 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2026-41591?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"O3 pinpoints whether CVE-2026-41591 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is CVE-2026-41591 actively exploited in the wild?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2026-41591 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When was CVE-2026-41591 published, and has it been updated?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2026-41591 was published on May 8, 2026 and was last updated on July 15, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting."}}]}
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📦 npm

CVE-2026-41591

MEDIUM

CVE-2026-41591 is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.4) vulnerability in marko. O3 Security confirms whether CVE-2026-41591 is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

Marko: XSS via case-insensitive script/style closing tag bypass in runtime HTML escaping

Also known asGHSA-x9fj-57fh-c8wq
Published
May 8, 2026
Updated
Jul 15, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected
📦marko📦@marko/runtime-tags

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects npm packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Marko is a declarative, HTML-based language for building web apps. Prior to marko version 5.38.36 and prior to @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164, when dynamic text is interpolated into a <script> or <style> tag the Marko runtime failed to prevent tag breakout when the closing tag used non-lowercase casing. An attacker able to place input inside a <script> or <style> block could break out of the tag with </SCRIPT>, </Style>, etc. and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript, resulting in cross-site scripting. This issue has been patched in marko version 5.38.36 and @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmmarkoall versions5.38.36
📦npm@marko/runtime-tagsall versions6.0.164

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for marko. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update marko to 5.38.36 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-41591 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether CVE-2026-41591 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to CVE-2026-41591. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Marko is a declarative, HTML-based language for building web apps. Prior to marko version 5.38.36 and prior to @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164, when dynamic text is interpolated into a <script> or <style> tag the Marko runtime failed to prevent tag breakout when the closing tag used non-lowercase casing. An attacker able to place input inside a <script> or <style> block could break out of the tag with </SCRIPT>, </Style>, etc. and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript, resulting in cross-site scripting. This issue has been patched in marko version 5.38.36 and @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2026-41591 in your dependencies?

O3 detects CVE-2026-41591 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.