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Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

CVE-2025-62162 — cel

HIGHFix: cel-rust/cel-rust@9df9822

CVE-2025-62162 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in cel. A fix is available for cel — see the affected versions and patch details below.

cel-rust May Panic During Parsing of Invalid CEL Expressions

Also known asGHSA-wxwx-9fh7-5mrw
Published
Oct 10, 2025
Updated
Aug 12, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-62162.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs26th percentile — riskier than 26% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2025-62162 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 378,567 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
🦀cel

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects crates.io packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

Parsing certain malformed CEL expressions can cause the parser to panic, terminating the process. When the crate is used to evaluate untrusted expressions (e.g., user-supplied input over an API), an attacker can send crafted input to trigger a denial of service (DoS).

Remediation

Upgrade to 0.11.4

[dependencies]
cel = "0.11.4"

PoC

use cel::{Context, Program};

fn main() {
    let program = Program::compile("x(1,").unwrap();
    let context = Context::default();
    let value = program.execute(&context).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(value, true.into());
}

$ RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --bin example-simple
   Compiling num-traits v0.2.19
   Compiling aho-corasick v1.1.3
   Compiling regex-syntax v0.8.5
   Compiling arbitrary v1.4.1
   Compiling serde v1.0.219
   Compiling thiserror v1.0.69
   Compiling regex-automata v0.4.9
   Compiling chrono v0.4.41
   Compiling regex v1.11.1
   Compiling cel v0.10.0 (/home/john/git/cel-rust/cel)

warning: `cel` (lib) generated 15 warnings
   Compiling example v0.1.0 (/home/john/git/cel-rust/example)
    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 2.97s
     Running `target/debug/example-simple`

thread 'main' panicked at /home/john/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/antlr4rust-0.3.0-beta3/src/tree.rs:383:9:
internal error: entered unreachable code: should have been properly implemented by generated context when reachable
stack backtrace:
   0: __rustc::rust_begin_unwind
   1: core::panicking::panic_fmt
   2: antlr4rust::tree::Visitable::accept
   3: <cel::parser::gen::celparser::UnaryContextAll as antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>>::accept
   4: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
   5: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
   6: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
   7: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_calc
   8: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_calc
   9: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::CalcContextExt>>::accept
  10: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  11: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  12: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  13: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_relation
  14: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_relation
  15: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::RelationContextExt>>::accept
  16: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  17: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  18: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  19: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_conditionalAnd
  20: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_conditionalAnd
  21: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::ConditionalAndContextExt>>::accept
  22: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  23: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  24: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  25: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_conditionalOr
  26: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_conditionalOr
  27: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::ConditionalOrContextExt>>::accept
  28: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  29: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  30: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  31: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_expr
  32: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_expr
  33: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::ExprContextExt>>::accept
  34: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  35: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  36: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  37: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_GlobalCall::{{closure}}
  38: <core::iter::adapters::map::Map<I,F> as core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator>::next
  39: alloc::vec::Vec<T,A>::extend_desugared
  40: <alloc::vec::Vec<T,A> as alloc::vec::spec_extend::SpecExtend<T,I>>::spec_extend
  41: <alloc::vec::Vec<T> as alloc::vec::spec_from_iter_nested::SpecFromIterNested<T,I>>::from_iter
  42: <alloc::vec::Vec<T> as alloc::vec::spec_from_iter::SpecFromIter<T,I>>::from_iter
  43: <alloc::vec::Vec<T> as core::iter::traits::collect::FromIterator<T>>::from_iter
  44: core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::collect
  45: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_GlobalCall
  46: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_GlobalCall
  47: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::GlobalCallContextExt>>::accept
  48: <cel::parser::gen::celparser::PrimaryContextAll as antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>>::accept
  49: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  50: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  51: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  52: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_PrimaryExpr
  53: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_PrimaryExpr
  54: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::PrimaryExprContextExt>>::accept
  55: <cel::parser::gen::celparser::MemberContextAll as antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>>::accept
  56: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  57: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  58: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  59: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_MemberExpr
  60: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_MemberExpr
  61: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::MemberExprContextExt>>::accept
  62: <cel::parser::gen::celparser::UnaryContextAll as antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>>::accept
  63: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  64: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  65: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  66: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_calc
  67: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_calc
  68: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::CalcContextExt>>::accept
  69: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  70: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  71: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  72: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_relation
  73: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_relation
  74: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::RelationContextExt>>::accept
  75: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  76: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  77: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  78: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_conditionalAnd
  79: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_conditionalAnd
  80: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::ConditionalAndContextExt>>::accept
  81: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  82: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  83: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  84: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_conditionalOr
  85: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_conditionalOr
  86: cel::parser::gen::celparser::<impl antlr4rust::tree::Visitable<dyn cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor> for antlr4rust::parser_rule_context::BaseParserRuleContext<cel::parser::gen::celparser::ConditionalOrContextExt>>::accept
  87: <dyn cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContext+Ctx = cel::parser::gen::celparser::CELParserContextType+TF = antlr4rust::token_factory::CommonTokenFactory as antlr4rust::tree::VisitableDyn<T>>::accept_dyn
  88: <T as antlr4rust::tree::VisitChildren<Node>>::visit_node
  89: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as antlr4rust::tree::ParseTreeVisitorCompat>::visit
  90: <cel::parser::parser::Parser as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitorCompat>::visit_expr
  91: <T as cel::parser::gen::celvisitor::CELVisitor>::visit_expr
note: Some details are omitted, run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=full` for a verbose backtrace.

Impact

Users accepting untrusted CEL expressions

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🦀crates.iocel≥ 0.10.0&&< 0.11.40.11.4cargo update -p cel --precise 0.11.4

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for cel, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update cel to 0.11.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-62162 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-62162 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2025-62162. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary Parsing certain malformed CEL expressions can cause the parser to panic, terminating the process. When the crate is used to evaluate untrusted expressions (e.g., user-supplied input over an API), an attacker can send crafted input to trigger a denial of service (DoS). ### Remediation Upgrade to 0.11.4 ```toml [dependencies] cel = "0.11.4" ``` ### PoC ```rust use cel::{Context, Program}; fn main() { let program = Program::compile("x(1,").unwrap(); let context = Context::default(); let value = program.execute(&context).unwrap(); assert_eq!(value, true.into()); }
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2025-62162 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2025-62162 across crates.io dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works
CVE-2025-62162: cel DoS (High 7.5) | O3 Security