CVE-2025-59250 — mssql-jdbc
HIGHCVE-2025-59250 is a high-severity (CVSS 8.1) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc. A fix is available for com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc — see the affected versions and patch details below.
JDBC Driver for SQL Server has improper input validation issue
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-59250.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2025-59250 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 377,238 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc☕com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc☕com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc☕com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc☕com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc☕com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc☕com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbcReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Improper input validation in JDBC Driver for SQL Server allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| ☕Maven | com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc | ≥ 8.3.0.jre11-preview&&< 10.2.4.jre11 | 10.2.4.jre11com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc:10.2.4.jre11 |
| ☕Maven | com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc | ≥ 11.2.0.jre11&&< 11.2.4.jre11 | 11.2.4.jre11com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc:11.2.4.jre11 |
| ☕Maven | com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc | ≥ 12.2.0.jre11&&< 12.2.1.jre11 | 12.2.1.jre11com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc:12.2.1.jre11 |
| ☕Maven | com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc | ≥ 12.6.0.jre11&&< 12.6.5.jre11 | 12.6.5.jre11com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc:12.6.5.jre11 |
| ☕Maven | com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc | ≥ 12.8.0.jre11&&< 12.8.2.jre11 | 12.8.2.jre11com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc:12.8.2.jre11 |
| ☕Maven | com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc | ≥ 12.10.0.jre11&&< 12.10.2.jre11 | 12.10.2.jre11com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc:12.10.2.jre11 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update com.microsoft.sqlserver:mssql-jdbc to 10.2.4.jre11 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-59250 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-59250 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2025-59250. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2025-59250 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2025-59250 across Maven dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.