How severe is CVE-2025-49581?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2025-49581 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

How do I fix CVE-2025-49581?

A fix is available for CVE-2025-49581; check the affected-versions list above or the advisory for the patched release of org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store, then make sure no transitive dependency still pins the vulnerable range.

How do I detect CVE-2025-49581 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-49581 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is CVE-2025-49581 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-49581 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-49581?

CVE-2025-49581 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.6%, placing it in the 48th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-49581?

CVE-2025-49581 is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94), CWE-250 (CWE-250), CWE-270 (CWE-270). These weakness types describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2025-49581 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-49581 was published on June 13, 2025 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2025-49581 — xwiki-platform-rendering-…

Fix: xwiki/xwiki-platform@c99d501

CVE-2025-49581 is a Code Injection vulnerability in org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store. A fix is available for org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store — see the affected versions and patch details below.

XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters

Also known asGHSA-9875-cw22-f7cx

Published

Jun 13, 2025

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

5 pkgs

Patched

3 / 5

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Oct 30, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-49581.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs48th percentile — riskier than 48% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

5 pkgs affected

☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation and thus impacts its confidentiality, integrity and availability. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. The full reproduction steps can be found in the original issue.

Patches

This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.

Workarounds

We're not aware of any workarounds except for upgrading.

Affected Packages

5 total 3 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store`	≥ 11.10.11	No fix
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store`	≥ 12.6.3	No fix
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store`	≥ 12.8-rc-1&&< 16.4.7	16.4.7`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store:16.4.7`
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store`	≥ 16.5.0-rc-1&&< 16.10.3	16.10.3`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store:16.10.3`
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store`	≥ 17.0.0-rc-1&&< 17.0.0	17.0.0`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store:17.0.0`

Affected Products

1 product · 5 configurations

Application

xwikixwiki

≥ 16.5.0 && < 16.10.3

1 version

17.0.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
A fix is available for CVE-2025-49581; check the affected-versions list above or the advisory for the patched release of org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-rendering-wikimacro-store, then make sure no transitive dependency still pins the vulnerable range.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation and thus impacts its confidentiality, integrity and availability. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the `children` macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page `XWiki.Chi

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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