CVE-2025-49132 is a critical-severity (CVSS 10) Code Injection vulnerability in pterodactyl/panel. 12 public exploit or proof-of-concept references are indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for pterodactyl/panel — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Pterodactyl Panel Allows Unauthenticated Arbitrary Remote Code Execution
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-49132.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.
How urgent is this, really
Where this sits among everything scored
Real-World Exposure
pterodactyl/panelReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Packagist packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Impact
Using the /locales/locale.json with the locale and namespace query parameters, a malicious actor is able to execute arbitrary code, without being authenticated.
With the ability to execute arbitrary code, this vulnerability can be exploited in an infinite number of ways. It could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials from the Panel's config (.env or otherwise), extract sensitive information from the database (such as user details [username, email, first and last name, hashed password, ip addresses, etc]), access files of servers managed by the panel, etc.
Patches
This vulnerability was patched by https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0 and was released under the v1.11.11 tag without any other code modifications compared to v1.11.10.
For those who need to patch their installations in-place or apply it on top of other code modifications, a patch file can be retrieved from https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/24c82b0e335fb5d7a844226b08abf9f176e592f0.patch and applied using git apply.
Workarounds
Other than patching the software, there is no workaround in this software. Disabling the /locales/locale.json endpoint at the webserver level is possible, but would break the localization feature wherever it is used.
The only other workaround relies on an external Web Application Firewall (WAF), such as Cloudflare's WAF with their default ruleset (requires Pro plan or above, Free doesn't have the proper ruleset) to mitigate this attack.
Updating to v1.11.11 or manually patching the software are the only recommended ways to completely mitigate this vulnerability.
User Notice
Shortly after the v1.11.11release and it's announcement, security researchers and malicious actors have been attempting to exploit this vulnerability. While there hasn't been any official confirmations of breaches or successful exploits of the vulnerability in the wild, it is only a matter of time for those who remain on unpatched versions without any workarounds in place.
The scope of this vulnerability cannot be fully described, anything is possible. It is of utmost importance that anyone running a vulnerable version of this software, patch it or update to the latest available version immediately.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐘Packagist | pterodactyl/panel | all versions | 1.11.11composer require pterodactyl/panel:^1.11.11 |
Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.
Pterodactyl Panel 1.11.11 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)
by Zen-kun04 · Jun 26, 2025
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for pterodactyl/panel, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update pterodactyl/panel to 1.11.11 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-49132 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.
How to detect CVE-2025-49132
A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:
nuclei -id cve-2025-49132 -u https://target- Template
- Pterodactyl Panel - Remote Code Execution
- Severity
- critical
- Impact
- With the ability to execute arbitrary code, this vulnerability can be exploited in an infinite number of ways. It could be used to gain access to the Panel's server, read credentials from the Panel's config (.env or otherwise), extract sensitive information from the database (such as user details [username, email, first and last name, hashed password, ip addresses, etc]), access files of servers managed by the panel, etc.
- Remediation
- Upgrade to Pterodactyl version 1.11.11+. There are no software workarounds for this vulnerability, but use of an external Web Application Firewall (WAF) could help mitigate this attack.
Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (darses), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2025-49132 in your dependencies?
Find it across Packagist, including transitive dependencies.