Your RSA-2048 keys break in 2030. Find every one of them before attackers do.
🐹
🐹 Go🐘 Packagist
Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

CVE-2026-54593 — wings

HIGHFix: pterodactyl/panel@7ffcd63

CVE-2026-54593 is a high-severity (CVSS 8.1) CWE-1259 vulnerability in github.com/pterodactyl/wings. A fix is available for github.com/pterodactyl/wings — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Pterodactyl's improper JWT scoping allows subuser to upload files when not explicitly granted `file.create` permissions

Also known asGHSA-8r6w-3qq5-4p4rGO-2026-6120
Published
Updated
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Oct 26, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2026-54593.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs52th percentile — riskier than 52% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2026-54593 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 396,257 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected
🐹github.com/pterodactyl/wings🐘pterodactyl/panel

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go, Packagist packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Wings /upload/file endpoint due to insufficient validation of panel-signed JWTs. Wings accepts any valid panel-signed JWT containing server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id, regardless of the token’s intended purpose. Because the Panel issues JWTs with these same claims for other lower-privilege operations (such as WebSocket authentication and file download links), an authenticated subuser can reuse one of those tokens to upload arbitrary files without possessing the required file.create permission.

Impact

Any subuser with permission to connect to a server's console, download files, or download backups could reuse those tokens to upload arbitrary files to the same server. A user that does not have access to a server as a subuser is not able to arbitrarily upload files.

Details

The panel generated JWT tokens for various purposes:

PoC

Create a new subuser that has the minimal amount of permissions on a server (websocket.connect). As that subuser, retrieve a websocket JWT token from the GET /api/client/servers/[...]/websocket endpoint (in my case, I manually just make a request under that user's browser session; you can probably just resend the /websocket request in browser console to get a fresh unused token). Using that websocket token, we can abuse this by directly using it in the /upload/file endpoint of the wings node instead of using it for websocket authentication:

import requests

wings_url = 'http://[...]:8080'
websocket_token = '[...]'

res = requests.post(f'{wings_url}/upload/file', params = {
    'token': websocket_token,
}, files = {
    'files': ('file-upload.txt', b'Hello, World!'),
})
print(res.status_code, res.content)

Observe, that even though our subuser never has permissions outside viewing the console, they are able to write arbitrary files in the server. This pattern happens in a lot of other action, but this is probably the most interesting one.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐹Gogithub.com/pterodactyl/wingsall versions1.12.2go get github.com/pterodactyl/wings@v1.12.2
🐘Packagistpterodactyl/panelall versions1.12.3composer require pterodactyl/panel:^1.12.3

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/pterodactyl/wings, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update github.com/pterodactyl/wings to 1.12.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-54593 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Close the privilege gap rather than the entry point: audit which accounts, roles and service identities can reach the affected operation, drop the component to the least privilege it actually needs, and review file and directory permissions created by earlier installs — a default left in place is what makes this reachable.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Wings /upload/file endpoint due to insufficient validation of panel-signed JWTs. Wings accepts any valid panel-signed JWT containing `server_uuid`, `user_uuid`, and `unique_id`, regardless of the token’s intended purpose. Because the Panel issues JWTs with these same claims for other lower-privilege operations (such as WebSocket authentication and file download links), an authenticated subuser can reuse one of those tokens to upload arbitrary files without possessing the required `file.create` permission. ### Impact Any subuser wi
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2026-54593 in your dependencies?

Find it across Go, Packagist, including transitive dependencies.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works
CVE-2026-54593: wings PrivEsc — Fixed in 1.12.2