How severe is CVE-2025-32428?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2025-32428 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-32428?

CVE-2025-32428 affects the following packages: jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy (PyPI). Ecosystems affected: PyPI.

How do I fix CVE-2025-32428?

Update jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy to 3.0.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-32428 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2025-32428 in my PyPI dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-32428 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2025-32428?

O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-32428 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Is CVE-2025-32428 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-32428 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-32428?

CVE-2025-32428 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.9%, placing it in the 58th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-32428?

CVE-2025-32428 is classified as CWE-668 (CWE-668). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2025-32428 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-32428 was published on April 14, 2025 and was last updated on August 12, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐍 PyPI

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2025-32428 — jupyter-remote-desktop-pr…

Fix: jupyterhub/jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy@7dd54c2

CVE-2025-32428 is a CWE-668 vulnerability in jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy. A fix is available for jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Jupyter Remote Desktop Proxy makes TigerVNC accessible via the network and not just via a UNIX socket as intended

Also known asGHSA-vrq4-9hc3-cgp7PYSEC-2026-365

Published

Apr 14, 2025

Updated

Aug 12, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Sep 21, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-32428.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs58th percentile — riskier than 58% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

🐍jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy was meant to rely on UNIX sockets readable only by the current user since version 3.0.0, but when used with TigerVNC, the VNC server started by jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy were still accessible via the network.

This vulnerability does not affect users having TurboVNC as the vncserver executable.

Credits

This vulnerability was identified by Arne Gottwald at University of Göttingen and analyzed, reported, and reviewed by @frejanordsiek.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐍PyPI	`jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy`	≥ 3.0.0&&< 3.0.1	3.0.1`pip install --upgrade 'jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy==3.0.1'`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy to 3.0.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-32428 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-32428 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2025-32428. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary `jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy` was meant to rely on UNIX sockets readable only by the current user since version 3.0.0, but when used with TigerVNC, the VNC server started by `jupyter-remote-desktop-proxy` were still accessible via the network. This vulnerability does not affect users having TurboVNC as the `vncserver` executable. ## Credits This vulnerability was identified by Arne Gottwald at University of Göttingen and analyzed, reported, and reviewed by @frejanordsiek.

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2025-32428 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2025-32428 across PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works