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CVE-2025-29774 — xml-crypto

Fix: node-saml/xml-crypto@28f9221

CVE-2025-29774 is a CWE-347 vulnerability in xml-crypto. 1 public exploit or proof-of-concept reference is indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for xml-crypto — see the affected versions and patch details below.

xml-crypto Vulnerable to XML Signature Verification Bypass via Multiple SignedInfo References

Also known asGHSA-9p8x-f768-wp2g
Published
Updated
Affected
3 pkgs
Patched
3 / 3
Exploits
1 known
Exploitation data as of Nov 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-29774.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
9.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs95th percentile — riskier than 95% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%3.90%7.79%11.7%0.5%9.1%May 26Sep 26Nov 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

3 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

547other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
xml-cryptonpm
7.8Mdownloads / week

Description

Impact

An attacker may be able to exploit this vulnerability to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms in systems that rely on xml-crypto for verifying signed XML documents. The vulnerability allows an attacker to modify a valid signed XML message in a way that still passes signature verification checks. For example, it could be used to alter critical identity or access control attributes, enabling an attacker with a valid account to escalate privileges or impersonate another user.

Patches

All versions <= 6.0.0 are affected. Please upgrade to version 6.0.1.

If you are still using v2.x or v3.x please upgrade to the associated patch version.

Indicators of Compromise

When logging XML payloads, check for the following indicators. If the payload includes encrypted elements, ensure you analyze the decrypted version for a complete assessment. (If encryption is not used, analyze the original XML document directly). This applies to various XML-based authentication and authorization flows, such as SAML Response payloads.

Multiple SignedInfo Nodes

There should not be more than one SignedInfo node inside a Signature. If you find multiple SignedInfo nodes, it could indicate an attack.

<Signature>
    <SomeNode>
      <SignedInfo>
        <Reference URI="somefakereference">
          <DigestValue>forgeddigestvalue</DigestValue>
        </Reference>
      </SignedInfo>
    </SomeNode>
    <SignedInfo>
        <Reference URI="realsignedreference">
          <DigestValue>realdigestvalue</DigestValue>
        </Reference>
      </SignedInfo>
    </SignedInfo>
</Signature>

Code to test

Pass in the decrypted version of the document

decryptedDocument = ... // yours to implement

// This check is per-Signature node, not per-document
const signedInfoNodes = xpath.select(".//*[local-name(.)='SignedInfo']", signatureNode);

if (signedInfoNodes.length === 0) {
  // Not necessarily a compromise, but invalid. Should contain exactly one SignedInfo node
  // Yours to implement
}

if (signedInfoNodes.length > 1) {
  // Compromise detected, yours to implement
}

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmxml-crypto≥ 4.0.0&&< 6.0.16.0.1npm install xml-crypto@6.0.1
📦npmxml-crypto≥ 3.0.0&&< 3.2.13.2.1npm install xml-crypto@3.2.1
📦npmxml-cryptoall versions2.1.6npm install xml-crypto@2.1.6
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for xml-crypto, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update xml-crypto to 6.0.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-29774 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Put an independent control in front of the weakness: restrict the affected endpoint or interface to trusted networks, require an additional authentication factor or proxy-level check, and invalidate existing sessions and credentials in case the flaw has already been used.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant
Workaround published by Red Hat
Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options don't meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
Source: Red Hat security advisory for CVE-2025-29774 (CC BY 4.0)
ProductFixed inAdvisory
Red Hat Developer Hub 1.5rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:1.5RHSA-2025:3374
Red Hat Developer Hub (RHDH) 1.4rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:1.4.3-1743652461RHSA-2025:3595

Frequently Asked Questions

# Impact An attacker may be able to exploit this vulnerability to bypass authentication or authorization mechanisms in systems that rely on xml-crypto for verifying signed XML documents. The vulnerability allows an attacker to modify a valid signed XML message in a way that still passes signature verification checks. For example, it could be used to alter critical identity or access control attributes, enabling an attacker with a valid account to escalate privileges or impersonate another user. # Patches All versions <= 6.0.0 are affected. Please upgrade to version 6.0.1. If you are still us
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2025-29774 in your dependencies?

Find it across npm, including transitive dependencies.

CVE-2025-29774: xml-crypto — Fixed in 6.0.1