CVE-2023-48708 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5) CWE-532 vulnerability in codeigniter4/shield. A fix is available for codeigniter4/shield — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log in codeigniter4/shield
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2023-48708 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 377,636 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
codeigniter4/shieldReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Packagist packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Impact
If successful login attempts are recorded, the raw tokens are stored in the log table. If a malicious person somehow views the data in the log table, he or she can obtain a raw token, which can then be used to send a request with that user's authority.
When you (1) use the following authentiactors,
- AccessTokens (
tokens) - JWT (
jwt) - HmacSha256 (
hmac)
and you (2) log successful login attempts, the raw tokens are stored.
Patches
Upgrade to Shield v1.0.0-beta.8 or later.
Workarounds
Disable logging for successful login attempts by the configuration files.
- AccessTokens or HmacSha256
- Set
Config\AuthToken::$recordLoginAttempttoAuth::RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_FAILUREorAuth::RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_NONE
- Set
- JWT
- Set
Config\AuthJWT::$recordLoginAttempttoAuth::RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_FAILUREorAuth::RECORD_LOGIN_ATTEMPT_NONE
- Set
References
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Open an issue or discussion in codeigniter4/shield
- Email us at [email protected]
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐘Packagist | codeigniter4/shield | all versions | 1.0.0-beta.8composer require codeigniter4/shield:^1.0.0-beta.8 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for codeigniter4/shield, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update codeigniter4/shield to 1.0.0-beta.8 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-48708 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2023-48708 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2023-48708. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2023-48708 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2023-48708 across Packagist dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.