How severe is CVE-2023-37909?

CVE-2023-37909 has a CVSS score of 9.9/10, rated CRITICAL. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2023-37909?

CVE-2023-37909 affects the following packages: org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu (Maven), org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui (Maven), org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix CVE-2023-37909?

Update org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu to 14.10.8 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-37909 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2023-37909 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2023-37909 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is CVE-2023-37909 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 2 known exploit references for CVE-2023-37909, including 2 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-37909?

CVE-2023-37909 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 1.9%, placing it in the 80th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-37909?

CVE-2023-37909 is classified as CWE-95 (CWE-95), Code Injection (CWE-94). These weakness types describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2023-37909 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2023-37909 was published on October 25, 2023 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

CRITICAL severity

CVE-2023-37909 — xwiki-platform-menu

CRITICALFix: xwiki/xwiki-platform@9e8f080

CVE-2023-37909 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.9) CWE-95 vulnerability in org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu. 2 public exploit or proof-of-concept references are indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Privilege escalation (PR)/remote code execution from account through Menu.UIExtensionSheet

Also known asGHSA-v2rr-xw95-wcjx

Published

Oct 25, 2023

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

3 pkgs

Patched

3 / 3

Exploits

2 known

Exploitation data as of Nov 5, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-37909.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

1.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs80th percentile — riskier than 80% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

3 pkgs affected

☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui☕org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

Any user who can edit their own user profile can execute arbitrary script macros including Groovy and Python macros that allow remote code execution including unrestricted read and write access to all wiki contents. This can be reproduced with the following steps:

As an advanced user, use the object editor to add an object of type UIExtensionClass to your user profile. Set the value "Extension Point ID" to {{/html}}{{async async=false cache=false}}{{groovy}}println("Hello from Groovy!"){{/groovy}}{{/async}}
Open <xwiki-host>/xwiki/bin/edit/XWiki/<username>?sheet=Menu.UIExtensionSheet where <xwiki-host> is the URL of your XWiki installation and <username> is your user name.

If the text Hello from Groovy!" selected="selected"> is displayed in the output, the attack succeeded.

Patches

This has been patched in XWiki 14.10.8 and 15.3 RC1 by adding proper escaping.

Workarounds

The patch can be manually applied to the document Menu.UIExtensionSheet, only three lines need to be changed.

References

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu`	≥ 5.1-rc-1&&< 14.10.8	14.10.8`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu:14.10.8`
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui`	≥ 5.1-rc-1&&< 14.10.8	14.10.8`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui:14.10.8`
☕Maven	`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui`	≥ 15.0-rc-1&&< 15.3-rc-1	15.3-rc-1`org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu-ui:15.3-rc-1`

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations

Application

xwikixwiki

≥ 5.1 && < 14.10.8

range

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for …

jira.xwiki.orgNVDOct 2023

Report on github.com

github.comNVDOct 2023

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-menu to 14.10.8 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-37909 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Any user who can edit their own user profile can execute arbitrary script macros including Groovy and Python macros that allow remote code execution including unrestricted read and write access to all wiki contents. This can be reproduced with the following steps: 1. As an advanced user, use the object editor to add an object of type `UIExtensionClass` to your user profile. Set the value "Extension Point ID" to `{{/html}}{{async async=false cache=false}}{{groovy}}println("Hello from Groovy!"){{/groovy}}{{/async}}` 2. Open `<xwiki-host>/xwiki/bin/edit/XWiki/<username>?sheet=Menu.UIE