How severe is CVE-2023-37477?

CVE-2023-37477 has a CVSS score of 7.2/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2023-37477?

CVE-2023-37477 affects the following packages: github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel (Go). Ecosystems affected: Go.

How do I fix CVE-2023-37477?

Update github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel to 1.4.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-37477 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2023-37477 in my Go dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2023-37477 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is CVE-2023-37477 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 1 known exploit references for CVE-2023-37477, including 1 in-the-wild exploitation observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-37477?

CVE-2023-37477 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 5.8%, placing it in the 93th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-37477?

CVE-2023-37477 is classified as OS Command Injection (CWE-78). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was CVE-2023-37477 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2023-37477 was published on July 18, 2023 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐹

🐹 Go

Not in CISA KEV

HIGH severity

CVE-2023-37477 — 1Panel

HIGHFix: 1Panel-dev/1Panel@e17b80c

CVE-2023-37477 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.2) OS Command Injection vulnerability in github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel. 1 public exploit or proof-of-concept reference is indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Command injection in firewall ip functionality in 1Panel

Also known asGHSA-p9xf-74xh-mhw5GO-2023-1940

Published

Jul 18, 2023

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

1 known

Exploitation data as of Nov 4, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-37477.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

5.8%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs93th percentile — riskier than 93% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

🐹github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in 1Panel firewall functionality. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Details

1Panel firewall functionality /hosts/firewall/ip endpoint read user input without validation, the attacker extends the default functionality of the application, which execute system commands.

PoC

the payload ; sleep 3 # will lead server response in 3 seconds

the payload ; sleep 6 # will lead server response in 6 seconds

Impact

An attacker can execute arbitrary code on the target system, which can lead to a complete compromise of the system.

Patches

The vulnerability has been fixed in v1.4.3.

Workarounds

It is recommended to upgrade the version to v1.4.3.

References

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Open an issue in https://github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel Email us at [email protected]

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐹Go	`github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel`	all versions	1.4.3`go get github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel@v1.4.3`

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations

Application

1panelfit2cloud

< 1.4.3

range

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

1Panel is an open source Linux server operation and maintenance manageme…

github.comNVDJul 2023

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel to 1.4.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-37477 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary An OS command injection vulnerability exists in 1Panel firewall functionality. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can make an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. ### Details 1Panel firewall functionality `/hosts/firewall/ip` endpoint read user input without validation, the attacker extends the default functionality of the application, which execute system commands. ### PoC the payload `; sleep 3 #` will lead server response in 3 seconds ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4935500/252299676-bc