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MEDIUM severity

CVE-2021-23397 @ianwalter/merge

MEDIUM

CVE-2021-23397 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.6) CWE-1321 vulnerability in @ianwalter/merge. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. No vendor fix is recorded yet; mitigation options are listed below.

@ianwalter/merge Prototype Pollution via `merge` function

Published
Jul 26, 2022
Updated
Nov 8, 2023
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
None yet
Exploits
1 known
Exploitation data as of Sep 19, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.8%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs55th percentile — riskier than 55% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2021-23397 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 377,333 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

12other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
@ianwalter/mergenpm
200downloads / week

Description

All versions of package @ianwalter/merge are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the main (merge) function. @ianwalter/merge is deprecated and the maintainer suggests using @generates/merger instead.

Affected Packages

1 total
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npm@ianwalter/mergeall versionsNo fix
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for @ianwalter/merge, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Remediation status

    No patched version of @ianwalter/merge has shipped for CVE-2021-23397 yet. Where your build allows, override or pin the dependency away from the vulnerable range, and apply any maintainer-recommended mitigation.

  3. Mitigate without a patch

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2021-23397 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2021-23397. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

All versions of package @ianwalter/merge are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the main (`merge`) function. @ianwalter/merge is [deprecated](https://github.com/ianwalter/merge/blob/master/README.md) and the maintainer suggests using [@generates/merger](https://github.com/generates/generates/tree/main/packages/merger) instead.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2021-23397 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2021-23397 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

CVE-2021-23397: @ianwalter/merge | O3 Security