How severe is CVE-2021-22885?

CVE-2021-22885 has a CVSS score of 7.5/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2021-22885?

CVE-2021-22885 affects the following packages: actionpack (RubyGems), actionpack (RubyGems), actionpack (RubyGems), actionpack (RubyGems). Ecosystems affected: RubyGems.

How do I fix CVE-2021-22885?

Update actionpack to 6.0.3.7 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2021-22885 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2021-22885 in my RubyGems dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for actionpack, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2021-22885 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Assume what was exposed is already known: rotate any credential, token or key that the affected component could return, restrict the endpoint to callers that genuinely need it, and strip sensitive fields from responses and error output at the boundary rather than relying on the client not to read them.

Is CVE-2021-22885 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 1 known exploit references for CVE-2021-22885, including 1 in-the-wild exploitation observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2021-22885?

CVE-2021-22885 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 4.1%, placing it in the 90th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2021-22885?

CVE-2021-22885 is classified as CWE-209 (CWE-209). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2021-22885 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2021-22885 was published on May 27, 2021 and was last updated on September 9, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

💎

💎 RubyGems

Not in CISA KEV

HIGH severity

CVE-2021-22885 — actionpack

HIGH

CVE-2021-22885 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) CWE-209 vulnerability in actionpack. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for actionpack — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Action Pack contains Information Disclosure / Unintended Method Execution vulnerability

Also known asGHSA-hjg4-8q5f-x6fm

Published

May 27, 2021

Updated

Sep 9, 2026

Affected

4 pkgs

Patched

4 / 4

Exploits

1 known

Exploitation data as of Oct 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

4.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs90th percentile — riskier than 90% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2021-22885 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 385,738 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

4 pkgs affected

💎actionpack💎actionpack💎actionpack💎actionpack

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

There is a possible information disclosure / unintended method execution vulnerability in Action Pack when using the redirect_to or polymorphic_url helper with untrusted user input.

Vulnerable code will look like this.

redirect_to(params[:some_param])

All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

Releases

The FIXED releases are available at the normal locations.

Workarounds

To work around this problem, it is recommended to use an allow list for valid parameters passed from the user. For example,

private def check(param)
  case param
  when "valid"
    param
  else
    "/"
  end
end

def index
  redirect_to(check(params[:some_param]))
end

Or force the user input to be cast to a string like this,

def index
  redirect_to(params[:some_param].to_s)
end

Patches

To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.

5-2-information-disclosure.patch - Patch for 5.2 series
6-0-information-disclosure.patch - Patch for 6.0 series
6-1-information-disclosure.patch - Patch for 6.1 series

Please note that only the 5.2, 6.0, and 6.1 series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.

Credits

Thanks to Benoit Côté-Jodoin from Shopify for reporting this.

Affected Packages

4 total 4 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
💎RubyGems	`actionpack`	≥ 6.0.0&&< 6.0.3.7	6.0.3.7`bundle update actionpack --conservative`
💎RubyGems	`actionpack`	≥ 6.1.0&&< 6.1.3.2	6.1.3.2`bundle update actionpack --conservative`
💎RubyGems	`actionpack`	≥ 5.2.5&&< 5.2.6	5.2.6`bundle update actionpack --conservative`
💎RubyGems	`actionpack`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 5.2.4.6	5.2.4.6`bundle update actionpack --conservative`

Affected Products

3 products · 5 configurations

debian linuxdebian

1 version

10.0

Application

actionpack page-cachingrubyonrails

all

Application

railsrubyonrails

≥ 6.1.0.0 && < 6.1.3.1

range

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

A possible information disclosure / unintended method execution vulnerab…

hackerone.comNVDAug 2021

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for actionpack, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update actionpack to 6.0.3.7 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2021-22885 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Assume what was exposed is already known: rotate any credential, token or key that the affected component could return, restrict the endpoint to callers that genuinely need it, and strip sensitive fields from responses and error output at the boundary rather than relying on the client not to read them.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatModerate

Red Hat CloudForms is in the maintenance phase and we will not be fixing Medium/Low impact security bugs. Reference: https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/cloudforms

Product	Fixed in	Advisory
Red Hat Satellite 6.10 for RHEL 7	`tfm-rubygem-actionpack-0:6.0.3.7-1.el7sat`	RHSA-2021:4702

Frequently Asked Questions

Impact ------ There is a possible information disclosure / unintended method execution vulnerability in Action Pack when using the `redirect_to` or `polymorphic_url` helper with untrusted user input. Vulnerable code will look like this. ``` redirect_to(params[:some_param]) ``` All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately. Releases -------- The FIXED releases are available at the normal locations. Workarounds ----------- To work around this problem, it is recommended to use an allow list for valid parameters passed from the user. Fo