How severe is CVE-2016-4972?

CVE-2016-4972 has a CVSS score of 9.8/10, rated CRITICAL. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2016-4972?

CVE-2016-4972 affects the following packages: murano (PyPI), murano-dashboard (PyPI), murano-dashboard (PyPI), python-muranoclient (PyPI), python-muranoclient (PyPI). Ecosystems affected: PyPI.

How do I fix CVE-2016-4972?

Update murano to 1.0.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2016-4972 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2016-4972 in my PyPI dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for murano, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2016-4972 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Is CVE-2016-4972 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2016-4972 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2016-4972?

CVE-2016-4972 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 3.2%, placing it in the 88th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2016-4972?

CVE-2016-4972 is classified as Improper Input Validation (CWE-20). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2016-4972 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2016-4972 was published on September 26, 2016 and was last updated on October 24, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐍

🐍 PyPI

Not in CISA KEV

CRITICAL severity

CVE-2016-4972 — murano

CRITICALFix: openstack/murano@28de8c3

CVE-2016-4972 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in murano. A fix is available for murano — see the affected versions and patch details below.

OpenStack Murano Code Execution

Also known asGHSA-87r7-q54j-f9qgPYSEC-2016-22PYSEC-2026-429PYSEC-2026-430

Published

Sep 26, 2016

Updated

Oct 24, 2026

Affected

5 pkgs

Patched

5 / 5

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 1, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

3.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs88th percentile — riskier than 88% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

5 pkgs affected

🐍murano🐍murano-dashboard🐍murano-dashboard🐍python-muranoclient🐍python-muranoclient

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

OpenStack Murano before 1.0.3 (liberty) and 2.x before 2.0.1 (mitaka), Murano-dashboard before 1.0.3 (liberty) and 2.x before 2.0.1 (mitaka), and python-muranoclient before 0.7.3 (liberty) and 0.8.x before 0.8.5 (mitaka) improperly use loaders inherited from yaml.Loader when parsing MuranoPL and UI files, which allows remote attackers to create arbitrary Python objects and execute arbitrary code via crafted extended YAML tags in UI definitions in packages.

Affected Packages

5 total 5 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐍PyPI	`murano`	all versions	1.0.3`pip install --upgrade 'murano==1.0.3'`
🐍PyPI	`murano-dashboard`	all versions	1.0.3`pip install --upgrade 'murano-dashboard==1.0.3'`
🐍PyPI	`murano-dashboard`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.0.1	2.0.1`pip install --upgrade 'murano-dashboard==2.0.1'`
🐍PyPI	`python-muranoclient`	all versions	0.7.3`pip install --upgrade 'python-muranoclient==0.7.3'`
🐍PyPI	`python-muranoclient`	≥ 0.8.0&&< 0.8.5	0.8.5`pip install --upgrade 'python-muranoclient==0.8.5'`

Affected Products

4 products · 4 configurations

Application

mitaka-muranoopenstack

≤ 2.0.0

range

Application

muranoopenstack

≤ 1.0.2

range

Application

murano-dashboardopenstack

≤ 1.0.2

range

Application

python-muranoclientopenstack

≤ 0.7.2

range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for murano, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update murano to 1.0.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2016-4972 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Frequently Asked Questions

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2016-4972 in your dependencies?

Find it across PyPI, including transitive dependencies.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

CVSS Score

9.8/10CVSS v3 base

Vector breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Raw vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE Classification

CWE-20Improper Input Validation

Weaponization

No Nuclei template, Metasploit module or public proof-of-concept found.

Timeline

Disclosed

Sep 26, 2016

Last updated

Oct 24, 2026

Identifiers

CVE-2016-4972

GHSA-87r7-q54j-f9qg

PYSEC-2016-22

PYSEC-2026-429

PYSEC-2026-430

References

Advisorynvd.nist.gov · CVE 2016 4972 Fixopenwall.com Fixbugs.launchpad.net Fixbugs.launchpad.net Webgithub.com · 28de8c36c9dbe4aaf4d062e6fb6099afd437f49b Webgithub.com · safeloader cve 2016 4972 19035a2a091ec30a.yaml Webgithub.com · releasenotes.po Webgithub.com · PYSEC 2016 22.yaml Packagegithub.com · murano

Related vulnerabilities

This CVE is critical severity; 2 of 8 other CVEs with CWE-20 are rated as high or higher (top: critical).

GHSA-fmc8-p6q7-75ccGHSA-pjff-c2wc-f6jmCVE-2026-44265CVE-2026-119280CVE-2026-96631CVE-2026-119210CVE-2026-59978GHSA-c33x-vcv4-vg3gBrowse all CWE-20

Provenance

Sources

OSV.devNVDFIRST.org (EPSS)

Last verifiedOct 24, 2026

CVE-2016-4972 — murano

EPSS Exploitation Probability

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

Description

Affected Packages

Affected Products

Detection & mitigation playbook

Detect

Fix

Workarounds

Frequently Asked Questions

Is CVE-2016-4972 in your dependencies?