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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp

MEDIUMFix: isaacs/node-tar@e02a4e9

GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.3) CWE-704 vulnerability in tar. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

node-tar: Process crash via PAX numeric path type confusion

Also known asCVE-2026-59871
Published
Jul 20, 2026
Updated
Jul 21, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Aug 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs48th percentile — riskier than 48% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 363,908 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

7Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
tarnpm
84.3Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

A crafted 2.5KB tar archive crashes any Node.js process that extracts it. The PAX header parser coerces all-digit path values to JavaScript numbers, which causes an uncaught TypeError when downstream code calls .split('/') on the numeric value. Error handlers and strict: false cannot intercept the crash.

Details

In pax.ts line 180, parseKV converts PAX values matching /^[0-9]+$/ to numbers via +v. This applies to all fields including path and linkpath. When a PAX header sets path to an all-digit string like "12345", the value becomes the number 12345.

This number flows through Header -> ReadEntry -> Unpack.CHECKPATH, where normalizeWindowsPath(entry.path).split('/') throws a TypeError because numbers don't have .split().

The throw is synchronous during event emission and bypasses all error handling:

  • strict: false does not help
  • 'error' event handlers do not catch it
  • 'warn' handlers do not catch it
  • The TypeError propagates through the event emitter stack as an uncaughtException

Directory, SymbolicLink, and Link type entries reach CHECKPATH and crash. File type entries crash earlier in Header constructor at this.path.slice(-1), but that throw is caught and emitted as a warning only.

PoC

Create a tar archive with a PAX extended header containing an all-digit path:

PAX header body: "18 path=12345\n"
Entry type: Directory (type '5')

Extract it:

const tar = require('tar');

// All of these crash with TypeError: t.split is not a function
tar.extract({ file: 'malicious.tar', cwd: '/tmp/test' });

// Error handlers don't help:
tar.extract({ file: 'malicious.tar', cwd: '/tmp/test', strict: false })
  .on('error', (err) => { /* never reached */ })
  .on('warn', (code, msg) => { /* never reached */ });

The archive is ~2.5KB. The crash is deterministic on every attempt.

Impact

Denial of service. Any application or tool that extracts untrusted tar archives crashes from a single small file. This includes npm (which uses node-tar to extract packages), CI/CD pipelines, file upload processors, and backup tools. The crash cannot be caught by application-level error handling.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmtarall versions7.5.18

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for tar. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update tar to 7.5.18 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary A crafted 2.5KB tar archive crashes any Node.js process that extracts it. The PAX header parser coerces all-digit path values to JavaScript numbers, which causes an uncaught TypeError when downstream code calls `.split('/')` on the numeric value. Error handlers and `strict: false` cannot intercept the crash. ### Details In `pax.ts` line 180, `parseKV` converts PAX values matching `/^[0-9]+$/` to numbers via `+v`. This applies to all fields including `path` and `linkpath`. When a PAX header sets `path` to an all-digit string like `"12345"`, the value becomes the number `12345`.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

GHSA-w8wr-v893-vjvp: tar Denial of Service… | O3 Security