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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r cryptography

MEDIUMFix: pyca/cryptography#8230

GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.5) CWE-754 vulnerability in cryptography. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for cryptography — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Cipher.update_into can corrupt memory if passed an immutable python object as the outbuf

Also known asCVE-2023-23931PYSEC-2023-11
Published
Feb 7, 2023
Updated
Sep 10, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
1 known
Exploitation data as of Sep 20, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.3%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs69th percentile — riskier than 69% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 377,238 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
🐍cryptography

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Previously, Cipher.update_into would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers:

>>> outbuf = b"\x00" * 32
>>> c = ciphers.Cipher(AES(b"\x00" * 32), modes.ECB()).encryptor()
>>> c.update_into(b"\x00" * 16, outbuf)
16
>>> outbuf
b'\xdc\x95\xc0x\xa2@\x89\x89\xadH\xa2\x14\x92\x84 \x87\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

This would allow immutable objects (such as bytes) to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python. This is a soundness bug -- it allows programmers to misuse an API, it cannot be exploited by attacker controlled data alone.

This now correctly raises an exception.

This issue has been present since update_into was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPIcryptography1.8&&< 39.0.139.0.1pip install --upgrade 'cryptography==39.0.1'
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for cryptography, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update cryptography to 39.0.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatModerate
ProductFixed inAdvisory
Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 8python3x-cryptography-0:38.0.4-2.el8apRHSA-2023:4693
Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.4 for RHEL 8automation-controller-0:4.4.3-1.el8apRHSA-2023:4971
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8python39:3.9-8100020240214182535.7044f6c1RHSA-2024:2985
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8python-cryptography-0:3.2.1-6.el8RHSA-2023:7096
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9python-cryptography-0:36.0.1-4.el9RHSA-2023:6615
Red Hat Quay 3quay/quay-rhel8:v3.10.0-150RHSA-2023:7341
Red Hat Software Collections for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7rh-python38-python-cryptography-0:2.8-6.el7RHSA-2023:6793

Frequently Asked Questions

Previously, `Cipher.update_into` would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers: ```pycon >>> outbuf = b"\x00" * 32 >>> c = ciphers.Cipher(AES(b"\x00" * 32), modes.ECB()).encryptor() >>> c.update_into(b"\x00" * 16, outbuf) 16 >>> outbuf b'\xdc\x95\xc0x\xa2@\x89\x89\xadH\xa2\x14\x92\x84 \x87\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' ``` This would allow immutable objects (such as `bytes`) to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python. This is a soundness bug -- it allows programmers to misuse an API, it ca
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r across PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-w7pp-m8wf-vj6r: cryptography | O3 Security